absorption. The plicae circulares‚ villi‚ and microvilli are modifications of the small intestine for digestion and absorption. The plicae circulares are circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa. They force chyme to move spirally through the lumen. The villi are fingerlike projections of the mucosa. They increase the absorptive surface area. Microvilli are projections of the plasma membrane of the absorptive cells of the mucosa that bear intestinal digestive enzymes. They also increase surface
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Zellweger syndrome is one of a group of four related diseases called peroxisome biogenesis disorders‚ a group of deadly genetic diseases that claim the lives of children usually before they reach their first birthday. This syndrome is the most common type of peroxisome biogenesis disorder. The disease is caused by defects in any one of 13 genes‚ called PEX genes‚ required for the normal formation and function of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are cell structures that break down toxic substances and synthesize
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structure (2014). As these cells are attracted to the tissue‚ and release toxins that actively destroy the mucosal lining (McCance & Huether‚ 2014). In response to the destruction of the lining‚ edema and thickening can result in narrowing areas of the lumen (McCance &Huether‚ 2014). Also‚ when the disease is chronic with flare ups and remissions‚ the repeated remodeling of the colon can manifest into polyps (McCance & Huether‚ 2014). Ulcerative colitis can be very painful and is a chronic disease that
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Running Head: CLASSROOM OF THE FUTURE Classroom of the Future Abstract The classroom for future students in a normal school system could look drastically different in the next millennium. Electronic classrooms offer instructors a variety of multimedia presentation tools such as interactive white boards‚ laptops computers for each student‚ plasma screens for a computer projector‚ and computer generated simulations and animations. The following paper describes the ideal technically advanced
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segment fill with glomerular filtrate. The dilated segments grow until it eventually separates from the nephron; after it separates the cyst forms. A cyst has formed and it continues to grow. Cysts begin to secrete calcium and chloride ions into the lumen. Mr. Newman’s kidney weighs 4 kilograms. It has multiple cysts of varying size and shapes. Some of the cysts are infected causing him to have lumbar tenderness‚ fever‚ and
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A B Pgc Ppt GFR = Kf (net filtration pressure) = Kf (Pgc - Pbc - *gc ) Pgc *gc af ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ef Pbc Kf - water permeability - total surface area for filtration GFR= 120 ml/min ? liters/day Mesangial cells ECF ‚ (TBW‚ 42 liters) PeeSS RBF? Arthur Vander When renal sympathetic nerve is stimulated‚ the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure A. will increase B. will decrease C. may or may not decrease D. I don’t like Starling D. this question stimulates my para-sympathetic
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Ostial stenosis web thrombus Abdominal vein Liver Stomach Gallbladder Enlarged caudate lobe Inferior vena cava Portal vein (Menon et al.‚ 2004) Budd Chiari Syndrome • Primary type -Endoluminal venous (I.e. Thrombosis of lumen) • Hypercoagulable state -polycythaemia vera -Protein C deficiency -Antiphospholipid antibody - Medication (female hormones‚
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may result from toxins‚ including antibiotics‚ sepsis or long-standing hypovolaemia with resultant cellular ischemia and hypoxia resulting in damage to the glomerulus‚ renal tubular cells and the renal vasculature. Debris and casts in the tubular lumen can obstruct the renal tubules with the proximal tubules and thick ascending loop of Henle most seriously affected. Ischemic damage to the afferent and efferent arterioles can compromise blood flow autoregulation thereby worsening the effects of ischemia
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Study Guide‚ Chapter 16 The Endocrine System Endocrine System: Overview Acts with nervous system to coordinate and integrate activity of body cells Influences metabolic activities via hormones transported in blood Response slower but longer lasting than nervous system Endocrinology Study of hormones and endocrine organs Endocrine System: Controls and integrates Reproduction Growth and development Maintenance of electrolyte‚ water‚ and nutrient balance of blood Regulation of
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GRADE 8 BIOLOGY REVISION WORKSHEET a) Name the following: i) The process by which raisins swell up when placed in a beaker of water. ii) Non-infectious disease arising due to hypersensitiveness of an individual to a particular sustance. iii) Bone forming cells. iv) Diseases caused due to malfunctioning of organs
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