Grap‚ Mary.‚Munro‚ Cindy.‚ Hummel‚ Russel.‚ Jessica.‚ Elswick‚ and Sessler Curtis. 2005. Effect of Backrest Elevation on the Development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. AACN. Retrieved from ajcc.aacnjournals.org on March 3‚ 2012. Abstract • Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication of mechanical ventilation. Backrest position and time spent supine are critical risk factors for aspiration‚ increasing the risk for pneumonia. Empirical evidence of the effect of
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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become one of the most important techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of choledocholithiasis. Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) are the most important endoscopic techniques used for retrieval of common bile duct stones (1) and ES is the most commonly used method as a standard technique. (2) Despite the relative safety of ES the overall complication rate is about 10%. (3) The short-term risk of pancreatitis
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Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by symptoms such as difficulty breathing‚ wheezing‚ coughing‚ and tightness in the chest. If the asthma symptoms are triggered by exposure to chemicals or other substances on the job‚ the condition is called occupational asthma (Tarlo & Lemiere‚ 2014). The symptoms of OA may begin within 24 hours of the exposure or after a latency period of weeks to months. They generally subside on weekends and holidays if the disease is true occupational asthma. Occupational
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Asthma is a chronic condition of the respiratory system that causes hypersensitivity and reversible inflammation of the airways resulting in breathing difficulties (Levy et al.‚ 2006). One of the features of the disease is fixed airflow obstruction which is where the patient’s FEV1/FVC ratio is less than 0.7. The reduction of this ratio is caused by parenchymal and airway damage resulting from chronic inflammation (Nice.org.uk‚ 2010). Fixed airflow obstruction is more commonly found in severe asthma
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Weekly Journal Clinical Week 11 Clinical Date: Monday‚ November 10 2014 Working with a patient living with and experiencing chronic obstructive disease (COPD) I feel it is necessary to better understand the dyspnea. COPD is a respiratory disorder mainly caused by smoking‚ characterized by progressive‚ partly reversible airflow obstruction‚ systemic manifestation‚ and increasing frequency and severity in exacerbations. Cardinal symptoms experienced by patients with COPD are dyspnea‚ difficulty
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Noninvasive ventilation is a practiced method which uses devices‚ such as the nasal-oral mask and the full-face mask‚ that allows patients who have respiratory dysfunctions to breathe easily and more comfortably. As the names imply‚ the nasal-oral mask covers the nose and mouth while the full-face mask covers a large portion of the face. Unfortunately‚ the ventilation masks are not always one-hundred percent therapeutic; since patients who require ventilation masks may have their immune system suppressed
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elect either mild‚ moderate‚ or severe persistent asthma (p. 918-928). In your initial post: Despite of the advances in medical therapy‚ millions of Americans continue to suffer from asthma; a respiratory disorder defined‚ by chronic inflammation airways and characterized by presence of persistent cough‚ shortness of breath‚ and wheezing that commonly occurs after exposure to a stimulus. The severity‚ of this respiratory ailment varies from patient to patient‚ and its classification( mild‚ moderate
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Most asthma treatments include the use of short and long-term medications as well as some environmental monitoring and modifications. As with all types of medical treatments‚ not all patients will respond in the same way to each type of environment or possible problem. Asthma treatments focus on eliminating or avoiding asthma triggers. These triggers are the environmental or other conditions that cause an asthma attack to occur. Many patients have very similar triggers‚ so keeping good records
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Steven Gard Case Study 3 7/18/2012 s2444532 R.S. has smoked for many years and has developed chronic bronchitis‚ a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He also has a history of coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial vascular disease. His arterial blood gas (ABG) values are pH = 7.32‚ PaCO2 = 60 mm Hg‚ PaO2 = 50 mm Hg‚ HCO3- = 30 mEq/L. His hematocrit is 52% with normal red cell indices. He is using an inhaled ß2 agonist and theophylline to manage his respiratory disease
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Alopecia is partial or total loss of hair on areas of the body where it would normally grow. Alopecia has several forms‚ Alopecia areata‚ totalis‚ universalis‚ and androgeneetic alopecia. They all have their cause‚ treatment‚ and affects although they all are forms of hair loss. Androgenenetic alopecia is one of the most common forms of hair loss that occurs in both men and women. In men it may also be known as male pattern baldness. The hair is lost starts above the temples and then spreads in
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