Irene is a thirty-three year old married woman‚ who has two young children aged six months and five years. She has recently been attending the surgical outpatients clinic for investigation of a lump in her right breast. During her appointments at the clinic‚ Irene has expressed anxiety regarding the outcome of the lump on her breast. She is therefore later diagnosed with breast cancer and has been admitted to the breast surgery ward to receive treatment for her cancer. It has been arranged that Irene
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Lymphedema Lymphedema is also known as Lymphatic obstruction. Lymphedema is caused by a blockage in your lymphatic system‚ an important part of your immune and circulatory systems. The blockage prevents lymph fluid from draining well‚ and as the fluid builds up‚ the swelling continues. Lymphedema is most commonly caused by the removal of or damage to your lymph nodes a part of cancer treatment. There is no cure for lymphedema‚ but it can be controlled. ("National cancer institute‚" 2011) Lymphedema
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I. Introduction A. Description of the Disease Normal cells grow‚ divide and die in an orderly fashion. In an adult‚ cells in most parts of the body divide only to replace worn-out cells and to repair injuries (Cuevas‚ 2007). However‚ these normal cells may be exposed to agents that cause their transformation to cancer cells. These agents are termed as “carcinogenic”. Another theory of how cancer develops states that the body itself produces abnormal cells. Normally‚ these abnormal cells are
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| Lymphedema | Anatomy and Physiology | | | 4/3/2013 | | Lymphedema Lymphedema occurs when lymph vessels and nodes become damaged or missing in the lymphatic system. Lymph vessels collect fluid that contain proteins‚ water‚ fats‚ and waste from the cells‚ once collected these fluids become lymph. The lymph vessels carry the lymph to the lymph nodes and the lymph nodes act as a type of filter (Cancer‚ 2013). When the lymph vessels and nodes become damage the lymph fluids cannot
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The lymphatic system is not a close system and the movement of the lymph fluid moves with low pressure due to functions such as peristalsis‚ valves‚ and the milking action of skeletal muscles. Lymph fluid only ever travels in one direction. As the lymph fluid moves through the body‚ it collects waste products and toxins and disposes of them through the bladder‚ bowel‚ lungs‚ and skin. The lymphatic system also takes part in returning plasma proteins to the bloodstream. The antibodies which are made
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PowerPoint® Lecture Slides Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor‚ Florence-Darlington Technical College CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation © 2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. The Human Body—An Orientation Anatomy • Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology • Study of how the body and its parts work or function © 2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Anatomy—Levels of Study • Gross anatomy • Large structures • Easily observable © 2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Mouth (oral
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phagocytosis. . Jason’s physician noted that Jason’s cervical lymph nodes were enlarged‚ a condition referred to as lymphadenopathy. Describe the structure and function(s) of lymph nodes‚ and list the other organs and tissues that comprise the lymphatic
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Anatomy and Physiology Donna Loshbough Reeva Aggarwal January 23‚ 2014 Hodgkin Disease What is Hodgkin Disease? It is a type of lymphoma‚ lymphoma being a type of cancer originating in the lymphatic system. It is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood‚ and is one of the most curable cancers known to man. One of the first signs of Hodgkin disease is an enlarged lymph node‚ which may then spread. However‚ this type of cancer is highly treatable; the types of treatment include radiation and/or
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center of adrenal gland -produces Epinephrine and norepinephrine - mimic and enhance sympathetic nervous system and response - increase heart rate‚ dilate pupils‚ increase metabolism‚ shunt blood supply (more to skeletal muscle) Lymphatic system- Functions:- produce & maintain lymphocytes to defend against pathogens -return excess fluid that has leaked out of capillary beds to venous circulation Lymphoid organs- thymus‚ spleen‚ tonsils‚
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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils. The inflammation usually extends to the adenoid and the lingual tonsils; therefore‚ the term pharyngitis may also be used (1). Tonsillitis most often occurs in children; however‚ the condition rarely occurs in children younger than 2 years. Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus species typically occurs in children aged 5-15 years‚ while viral tonsillitis is more common in younger children (1). Most cases of bacterial tonsillitis are caused by group
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