patient’s medical information (The Law office of Kendra S. Kleber & Associates PLLC‚ n.d.). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is what causes AIDS. HIV destroys CD4 helper lymphocyte in the body which is a defense cell. The body’s immune system which helps fight off infections contains the CD4 lymphocytes. As HIV destroys the CD4 lymphocytes in the body‚ people start to get infections that they normally would not get. Once the HIV has destroyed the immune system the patient has acquired immunodeficiency
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ANIMAL HISTOLOGY LAB REPORT OBJECTIVES • To identify the structure of various types of animal tissues • To explain the organization of the tissues HYPOTHESIS • Various type of tissues can be identified their function by observing the shape and structure of the cells because different tissues have different functions. • The usage of higher magnification of objective lens produces a better image. INTRODUCTION Internal structure of animal is made up cells. Cells aggregate and forms tissue. Animal
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is much more specific and responds slower than the innate immune system. Adaptive immunity is enhanced by previous exposure to the infecting pathogen because of its characteristic of immunological memory. It may include many different types of lymphocytes. The functions of adaptive immunity are: recognition of type of antigens‚ the generation of responses to eliminate pathogens or pathogen infected cells‚ and the development of immunological memory. In this paper we will explore three main areas
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Marekting mix of Food master Establishment of FoodMastercompany dates back to 1995 when a group of young businessmen asked themselves a simple question‚ why‚ Kazakhstan‚ where the tradition of dairy farming were so rich‚ did not produce and‚ virtually‚ did not know such a wonderful product like the yogurt. FoodMasterrented a dairy factory shop in the town of Issyk‚ and was the first in Kazakhstan to produce the Yogurt. Today the company is represented by 4 factories‚ has 16 retail branches and
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ANTIGENS (Synonyms: non-self molecules‚ immunogen‚ foreign bodies.) Definition: Antigens are simple or complex foreign substances‚ which may be organic‚ inorganic or biological agents and they enhances/ provokes/ elicits the immune response against that when they are enters the body pareneterally. Immunogen is a molecule that stimulate the immune response in the system When a foreign bodies or substances enter the system or body‚ it mediates immediate or delayed type
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Organ Systems and their functions I. Integumentary System Functions to protects against environmental hazards; helps control body temperature. Composed of Skin and derivates Epidermis – covers surface; protects deeper tissues Keratinocytes – waterproofing Melanocytes – pigment –protects against UV light Dermis – Nourishes epidermis; provides strength; contains exocrine glands Collagenous tissue – strength Skin Derivates A. Hair– protection and warmth (vellus – fine un-pigmented hair: terminal
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Ehrenstein‚ and Isenberg (2005)‚ they depleted B-cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. These researchers depleted the B lypmphocytes in individuals by using rituxumab‚ an antibody that is effective in depleting normal and malignant B lymphocytes. Researchers initially began using rituxumab for rheumatoid arthritis which mainly inflames the joints in mainly elderly individuals. Since lupus involves the inflammation of the kidneys‚ researchers sought to discover whether rituxumab would reduce
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Neurobrucellosis In A Patient With Multiple Sclerosis; A Case Report Abstract Neurobrucellosis is a rare complication of brucellosis. Acute meningitis and encephalitis are the most common clinical manifestations‚ however symptoms of these two conditions may be subacute and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in patients from endemic areas. Diagnosis is often based on neurological symptoms‚ serology‚ and suggestive brain imaging because cerebrospinal fluid culture yields are low. Herein
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Chapter 33 notes: Intrinsic cellular defense against virus infection 1. Toll- like receptors sense virus infections a. Toll-like receptors (TRL) i. Located on the cell surface or in endosomal membranes = recognize conserved structures found in pathogens ii. Highly conserved receptors from flies humans iii. Most mammals have between 10-15 (humans = 10) iv. TLR – 2: lipoproteins/glycoproteins (mealsels‚ hepB‚ herpes) v. TLR– 3: dsRNA (west
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Effector functions of antibodies Antibodies also known as immunoglobulins are secreted by plasma cells and B lymphocytes from the bone marrow and the lymphoid organs. The effector functions of antibodies are determined by the constant regions of the heavy chain. There are five different isotypes known in mammals to perform different roles and to direct a specific immune response for the antigen encountered. The binding of antigens to the variable regions will trigger the effector functions. Antibodies
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