JENNY COSTE This is the case of Jenny Coste‚ 9 years old and was diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. She complains pain in her legs and loss of appetite early July of 2013. She plays sports in her school and her family thought it might be the cause until she feels tired all the time and does not want to participate in school activities. Her symptoms become severe and decided to see the doctor. In early September of 2013‚ they visit their General Practitioner‚ Dr. Brown and she was observed
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organs eg spleen & thymus - Lymphoid tissue eg tonsils - Bone marrow (Imag: Marieb 2009 p404) Lymph Lymph(Lymphatic fluid): • Clear‚ watery fluid • Transports leaked plasma proteins • Bacteria and cell debris destroyed by lymph nodes • Contains lymphocytes • Lymph in the Small Intestine is called Chyle Lymph Vessels Comprise: 1. Lymph Capillaries 2. Larger Lymph Vessels (Image: Patton: Anatomy and Physiology‚ 8th Edition) Lymph Vessels (Image: Patton: Anatomy and Physiology‚ 8th Edition) Lymph
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A human body system A system of human body means a collective functional unit made by several organs in which the organs work in complete coordination with one another. Organs cannot work alone because their are certain needs of every organ that need to be fulfilled and the organ itself cannot fulfill those needs. So all organs of human body need the support of other organs to perform their functions and in this way an organ system is formed. Example of dependance of organs of a system on one
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brain function by Gerald Edelman‚ the Neural Darwinism was first mentioned in the book called the Mindful Brain in 1978. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1972 for his improved understanding and capability to show methods by which the population of lymphocytes are actually capable of binding to foreign antigens which is further increased by the differential clonal multiplication that occurs in the brain. This meant that the human form was actually capable of manufacturing adaptive systems as the resultant
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abundant type of white blood cell Eosinophil: white blood cell that account for 2-4% o fall leukocytes‚ function – to kill parasitic worms Basophil: White blood cell whose granules stain deep blue with basic dye‚ has a relatively pale nucleus Lymphocyte: Agranular white blood cell that arises from bone marrow and becomes functionally mature in the lymphoid organs of the body. Monocyte: large single-nucleus white blood cell‚ agranular leukocyte Interleukin: One of the two families of hematopoietic
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gland becomes firm‚ large and lobulated (an appearance resembling lobules). The enlargement of the thyroid gland is usually due to lymphocytic infiltration‚ it may also be due to the invasion of the thyroid gland by the leukocytes‚ mainly the T-lymphocytes. It’s important to note that in patients who have this disease‚ iodine deficiency can still pose a real concern to healthy functioning of the thyroid gland. The world health organization says that the maximum tolerable intake for iodine is 1100mcg
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GCE MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY/HUMAN BIOLOGY (NEW) AS/Advanced JANUARY 2010 INTRODUCTION The marking schemes which follow were those used by WJEC for the January 2010 examination in GCE BIOLOGY/HUMAN BIOLOGY (NEW). They were finalised after detailed discussion at examiners’ conferences by all the examiners involved in the assessment. The conferences were held shortly after the papers were taken so that reference could be made to the full range of candidates’ responses‚ with photocopied
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Faculty of Medicine MAHSA UNIVERSITY STUDY GUIDE Block: Genetics‚ Immunology & Molecular Medicine (GIM) Session: 2013/2014 Semester 1 (Year 1) MBBS PROGRAM Block Coordinator: Dr Selvi Palasubramaniam CONTENTS 1. Teaching Staff & Contacts 2 2. Academic calendars MBBS Session 2013 / 2014 3 3
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HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through three main mechanisms: First‚ direct viral killing of infected cells; second‚ increased rates of apoptosis in infected cells; and third‚ killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level‚ cell-mediated immunity is lost‚ and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections HIV is different in structure from other retroviruses
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non-Hodgkin lymphoma? The primary difference between Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the presence or absence of Reed-Sternberg cells. These large malignant cells are found in Hodgkin disease and are thought to be a type of malignant B lymphocyte. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma also usually develops in the lymph nodes‚ but can originate in any lymphatic tissue or organ. It is commonly found in older adult‚ and in general there is a greater incidence in males than females. It is increasingly seen
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