Chapter Four DEFINITIONS nucleic acid – polymers specialized for the storage‚ transmission between generations‚ and use of genetic information. There are two types‚ DNA and RNA nucleotides – monomers that compose nucleic acid‚ consist of a pentose sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogen containing base. DNA - – a macromolecule that encodes hereditary information and passes if from generation to generation. RNA and the bonds that stabilize them Purine - one of two chemical forms
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function and maintains the cell membrane. The main components of the cell include the cell membrane‚ cytoplasm‚ the nucleus‚ nucleolus‚ nuclear membrane‚ endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER and rough ER)‚ mitochondria‚ Golgi apparatus‚ lysosomes‚ ribosomes and vacuoles. a) The cell membrane – The cell membrane otherwise known as the plasma membrane is located on the surface of a typical animal cell. The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and is a selectively permeable membrane that
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Cell Processes and Body Organisation Nucleus The nucleus is the largest‚ most prominent organelle‚ usually spherical and roughly about 10mm in diameter. Every eukaryote cell‚ with the exception of red blood cells due to their very specific function‚ has a nucleus. The nucleus’ function is to store DNA‚ it does so in two ways: One is tightly packed and this is called heterochromatin‚ this isn’t read. And the other is loosely packed‚ named euchromatin. Euchromatin is the actively read material
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Chloe Troulan 1. In the table below‚ compare prokaryote and eukaryote cells. Prokaryote Eukaryote 70S (small) ribosomes The nucleoid is naked DNA No mitochondria Cell parts The cell parts float in the cytoplasm Under 10 micrometers in diameter 80S (large) ribosomes True nucleus contains DNA Mitocondria Organelles in discrete membranes Internal membranes enclose organelles 10-15µm in diameter 2. What is the literal meaning of the term eukaryote? The term ‘eukaryote’ means “true
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its victim | The team identified the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) gene as one critical entry factor as well as the members of a complex called HOPS (short for homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting). Both are involved in enabling small membrane-bound sacs inside cells‚ called endosomes‚ to fuse with structures called lysosomes that are involved in degrading substances within cells.
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Functions of the cells The functions of cells are shown in the body which is comprised entirely of cells. Every cell also has its own or more than one job to do. The cell membrane The cell membrane also known as the - plasma membrane. It consist of two layers of a fatty type substance. Its function is to protect the inside and the outside of the cell by allowing certain substances into the cell‚ while keeping other substances out. It also serves as a base of attachment for the cytoskeleton in some
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1.) Cells are complex and incredible structures that through series of reactions can create cellular energy‚ reproduce genetic material and eliminate waste products. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells and it is believed that they evolved from prokaryotes. What are 3 major characteristics that distinguish eukaryotes from prokaryotes? Choose 2 pieces of evidence (that we learned about in class) and explain how they support the theory that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes
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understanding how Tetrahymena feeds at normal temperatures. Doing so‚ we allowed the Tetrahymena to feed at specific time limits and then killed the protist with gluderaldheyde to detect how much the protist gained. We then counted how many food vacuoles were filled with India ink that was included in the environment of the Tetrahymena while the time was ticking. We then constructed a similar experiment with different conditions to compare if the rate of phagocytosis was affected by the change in
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from proteins. | | Golgi Apparatus | Consists of closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed spaces that process sort and deliver proteins. | | Mitochondria | Supply energy to the cell. | | Vacuole | A fluid filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by a cell. | | Lysosome | Membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes. | | Centriole | Cylinder-shaped organelles mad of short microtubules arranged in a circle. | | Cell Wall | A rigid layer that gives protection‚ support
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Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms that were formed at the formation of the earth‚ so are the most basic life forms. The prokaryotes are organised in the ‘three domain system’ and include bacteria and blue-green algae. Prokaryotes live in many environments including extreme habitats such as hydrothermal vents‚ hot springs‚ swamps‚ wetlands‚ and the guts of animals. This is a diagram of a prokaryote cell and it shows that they are not very complex cells. They do not contain any membrane
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