Prokaryote Organelles: Nucleoid Region: The region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA. (The “nucleus” of a prokaryotic cell) The nucleoid instructs all the organelles on what to do. Ribosome: A cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus. (Make proteins from amino acids) The nucleoid controls the ribsomes and specifies
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Present | Absent | Example: | Animals and Plants | Bacteria and Archaea | Telomeres: | Present (Linear DNA) | Circular DNA doesn’t need telemeres | Genetic Recombination: | Mitosis and fusion of gametes | Partial‚ undirectional transfers DNA | Lysosomes and peroxisomes: | Present | Absent | Microtubules: | Present | Absent or rare | Endoplasmic reticulum: | Present | Absent | Mitochondria: | Present | Absent | Cytoskeleton: | Present | May be absent | DNA wrapping on proteins.: | Yes |
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What theory states that all living things are composed of cells? Cell theory What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a plasma membrane? Scanning electron microscope The two basic types of cells are ______ and ______. Prokaryotic . . . eukaryotic When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails‚ you notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore‚ you conclude that the cell must be a type
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Question 1 Identify the structure highlighted in light yellow | | plasma membrane | | | endoplasmic reticulum | | | Golgi apparatus | | | vesicle | | | vacuole | Question 2 The molecule listed below is an example of a(n) _____. | | phospholipid | | | cholesterol | | | steroid | | | fat | | | oil | Question 3 Identify Structure D | | glycoprotein | | | cholesterol | | | phospholipid bilayer of membrane | | | extracellular matrix
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Cell Structure and Function Chapter Outline Cell theory Properties common to all cells Cell size and shape – why are cells so small? Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Organelles and structure in all eukaryotic cell Organelles in plant cells but not animal Cell junctions History of Cell Theory mid 1600s – Anton van Leeuwenhoek Improved microscope‚ observed many living cells mid 1600s – Robert Hooke Observed many cells including cork cells 1850 – Rudolf Virchow
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nucleus from the cytoplasm‚ the nuclear membrane encloses the nucleus‚ controlling what enters and exits. Golgi Apparatus: Located very near the rough endoplasmic reticulum‚ the Golgi apparatus is involved in a variety of processes. It builds lysosomes and‚ in plant cells‚ it creates complex sugars to send off in secretory vesicles. Its membrane surrounds an area of fluid where complex molecules (eg. Proteins‚ sugars etc) are stored and changed. The Golgi apparatus also gathers simple molecules
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Cell Structure - Cell Organelles 1. What is cell theory? Cell theory asserts that the cell is the constituent unit of living beings. Before the discovery of the cell‚ it was not recognized that living beings were made of building blocks like cells. The cell theory is one of the basic theories of Biology. 2. Are there living beings without cells? Viruses are considered the only living beings that do not have cells. Viruses are constituted by genetic material (DNA or RNA) enwrapped by a protein
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Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.1 Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells 1. The study of cells has been limited by their small size‚ and so they were not seen and described until 1665‚ when Robert Hooke first looked at dead cells from an oak tree. His contemporary‚ Anton van Leeuwenhoek‚ crafted lenses and with the improvements in optical aids‚ a new world was opened. Magnification and resolving power limit
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In animal cells‚ vacuoles are generally small. Vacuoles tend to be large in plant cells and play several roles: storing nutrients and waste products‚ helping increase cell size during growth‚ and even acting much like lysosomes of animal cells. The plant cell vacuole also regulates turgor pressure in the cell. Water collects in cell vacuoles‚ pressing outward against the cell wall and producing rigidity in the plant. Without sufficient
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Place these terms in the appropriate column below: centrioles‚ cell membrane only‚ cell membrane and cell wall‚ large central vacuole‚ small vacuoles only‚ mitochondria only‚ mitochondria and chloroplasts‚ lysosomes‚ plastids. |Animal |Plant | |centrioles
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