distilled water but the cell wall kept the same rectangular shape. See diagram 1 for sketch. The distilled water moved from outside the cell wall into the cell across the permeable cell wall‚ through the selectively permeable cell membrane into the vacuoles by osmosis in response to differences in water potential. The water molecules moved down concentration gradient from an area of higher to lower water potential. The water absorption caused the cell membrane to move towards the cell wall and to be
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Kingdom Protista: Characteristics Mostly unicellular‚ eukaryotic cells Reproduce asexually or sexually by conjugation Exhibit all three modes of nutrition Photosynthesis Ingestion Absorption Ultimately spawned all multicellular kingdoms Very diverse kingdom Difficult for taxonomists to agree on classification Diverse Modes of Nutrition Use diverse modes of nutrition Ingest
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SCIENCE CELL – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS Cell – Structure and Functions Cell as the Basic Unit of Life The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It is the smallest part of the body of an organism‚ is capable of independent existence and is able to perform the essential functions of life. Discovery of the Cell Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a simple microscope designed by him. He observed compartments resembling honeycombs and each compartment
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ribosomes for secretion from the cell or use on the cell surface membrane | Smooth ER – No ribosomes | Involved in making lipids required by the cell | Golgi complex * Processes proteins & lipids destined for the plasma membrane‚ lysosomes or endosomes * Combines simple molecules to make more complex molecules before compressing and sorting them for either storage or transportation. Structure | Function | CIS face | Substances enter from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for
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Task 2 Nuclear & Cell membranes; the membranes surrounds all living cells and is also the most important organelle. Its function is to control the substances that move in or out of the cells and has other properties. The membranes that surround the nucleus and other organelles are almost identical to the cell membrane. It is composed of proteins‚ phospholipids and carbohydrates that are arranged in a fluid mosaic structure. Nucleus; the nucleus is the control centre of the whole cell. The nucleus
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Diffusion‚ Osmosis‚ Active Transport There are two ways in which substances can enter or leave a cell: 1) Passive a) Simple Diffusion b) Facilitated Diffusion c) Osmosis (water only) 2) Active a) Molecules b) Particles Diffusion Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms‚ ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. It continues until the concentration of substances is uniform throughout. Some major examples of diffusion
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* AP IMMUNE SYSTEM * An animal must defend itself against unwelcome intruders -- the many potentially dangerous viruses‚ bacteria‚ and other pathogens it encounters in the air‚ in food‚ and in water. * Herpes simplex-1 (Herpes labialis‚ HSV-1) * Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2‚ Herpes genitalis) on thigh * Three cooperative lines of defense have evolved to counter these threats. * Two of these are nonspecific -- that is‚ they do not distinguish one infectious agent from another
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The job of these digestive enzymes is to break up the proteins. The lysosome works as the digestive system. Mitochondria: The job of mitochondria is to make ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). The ATP is a form of the energy which cell requires. All the parts of the cell needs energy from mitochondria to produce. So the job
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Ultimately‚ plants perform photosynthesis because plants contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll empowers the cells to use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Presumably‚ plant cells contain storage vacuoles that store water and they contain ribosomes that make proteins in the cell. Plant cells have a main structure that differentiates the cell from animal cells. This structure is a cell wall and the function of the cell wall provides protection and
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that the cell needs and also ones to be exported from the cell for work elsewhere in the body. The organelles Lysosomes and peroxisomes are found in human cells‚ and their function is essential in maintaining the cell’s chemical balance and removal of unwanted debris. Lysosomes and peroxisomes are membrane bound organelles which contain enzymes that remove unwanted particles. The lysosome contains digestive enzymes which break down bacteria and cell debris and play a role in the cell’s immune system
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