this investigation is an indirect study of the effects of different substances and treatments on living beetroot cells. Beetroot cells have been chosen for this activity because each beetroot cell has a large central vacuole bounded by a membrane (Figure 1). Contained in the vacuole is the red pigment anthocyanin‚ which gives the beetroot its typical colour. The whole beetroot cell is also surrounded by the cell membrane. If the two membranes remain intact the anthocyanin cannot escape into the surrounding
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permeability of the cell membranes. Beetroot contains a red pigment called betalain‚ which is located in the large central vacuole of the beetroot cells. The vacuole is enclosed by a single membrane called tonoplast and the whole cell is enclosed by cell membrane made up of phospholipids. As long as the cells and their membranes are intact‚ the betalain will remain inside the vacuoles. However‚ if the membranes are damaged‚ betalain will leak out and produce a red colour in the water surrounding. More
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BIOLOGY – TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANE define diffusion and describe its role in nutrient uptake and gaseous exchange in plants and humans define osmosis and describe the effects of osmosis on plant and animal tissues define active transport and discuss its importance as an energy-consuming process by which substances are transported against a concentration gradient‚ as in ion uptake by root hairs and uptake of glucose by cells in the villi . A cell is surrounded by a layer of cell surface membrane
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OCR BIOLOGY UNIT F221 Blood tests 1. Put a band (tourniquet) around the arm to make the vein stand out 2. Clean the area around the vein with an alcohol based solution 3. Push a sterile needle‚ attached to a sterile syringe into the vein 4. Pull back the plunger of the syringe to suck the blood into the syringe 5. When the necessary volume of blood has been extracted‚ remove the syringe and needle‚ loosen the tourniquet and press a small ball of cotton wool over the
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organelle? An organized structure in a cell 11. Which are the members of the endomembrane system? Golgi apparatus‚ lysosomes‚ microbodies‚ and the nuclear membrane 12. a) What two things make up chromatin? DNA and proteins b) What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes? Chromosomes is what chromatin is made up of 13. Why do macrophages‚ which fight microbes‚ contain many lysosomes? To help break down all the substances such as microbes
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2 Y Nutrition in Animals food into simpler substances is called digestion. You have studied in Class VI that food consists of many components. Try to recall and list them below: 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 3. ______________________ 4. ______________________ 5. ______________________ 6. ______________________ no t The components of food such as carbohydrates are complex substances. These complex substances cannot be utilised as such. So they are broken down into
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water. Beetroot contains a red pigment called betalain‚ which is in the cell vacuole. Normally the betalain stays inside the cell‚ however when the cell is exposed to extreme temperatures they leak out. The reason why they leak out is because of the cell membrane structure. When the cell membrane is exposed to extreme heat the proteins unravel and the lipids melt. This will allow the betalain to leak out from the cell vacuole. Under extreme cold the cell membrane will freeze and fracture also allowing
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a sexual stage in which it is able to reproduce‚ and in intermediate hosts it experiences an asexual stage. In both hosts Toxoplasma gondii enters the cell‚ forms vacuoles‚ and protects itself from the immune system. If the immune system is weak then it can cause disease‚ but if the immune system is uncompromised then the vacuoles form cysts in the muscles and brain of the infected organism. There are four methods in which one might come in contact with the Toxoplasma infection; foodborne‚ animal-to-human
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float. ii) that contains chlorophyll. Q 3: What is thrust? Q 4: Why does lemonade become cool when ice cubes are added to it? Q 5: What is centripetal force? Give one example of an object moving due to this force. Q 6: Write any four functions of vacuoles. Q 7: Why is a neuron long and branched? Q 8: i) Explain: Our body has a special mechanism to cool down during summers. ii) Give one example of each to prove that solids‚ liquids and gases can diffuse into liquids. Q 9: i) What is the principle
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1) Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains a. changing state‚ within an unlimited range. b. an equilibrium point that can change over a narrow range that is compatible with maintaining life c. an equilibrium change that balances external and internal environment such that values of each are equated 2) Anabolism is the a. breakdown of matter. b. expulsion of matter. c. synthesis of matter. d. All of the answers are correct. 3) The sum
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