Publichttp://pfr.sagepub.com/ Finance Review Public Subsidies to Stadiums: Do the Costs Outweigh the Benefits? Daraius Irani Public Finance Review 1997 25: 238 DOI: 10.1177/109114219702500205 The online version of this article can be found at: http://pfr.sagepub.com/content/25/2/238 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Public Finance Review can be found at: Email Alerts: http://pfr.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://pfr
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Abstract. That sunk costs are not relevant to rational decision-making is often presented as one of the basic principles of economics. When people are influenced by sunk costs in their decision-making‚ they are said to be committing the “sunk cost fallacy.” Contrary to conventional wisdom‚ we argue that‚ in a broad range of situations‚ it is rational for people to condition behavior on sunk costs‚ because of informational content‚ reputational concerns‚ or financial and time constraints. Once
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3. Depreciation percentage=$1‚640‚200/$15‚411‚620 = 10.64% New Fixed Assets=$15‚411‚620 + $30‚000‚000 = $45‚411‚620 $45‚411‚620*.1064 = $4‚831‚796 new depreciation Pro forma Income Statement Sales ($36‚599‚300*1.12) $40‚991‚216 Cost of Goods Sold ($26‚669‚496*1.12) 29‚869‚836 Other Expenses ($4‚641‚000*1.12) 5‚197‚920 Depreciation 4‚831‚796 EBIT 1‚091‚664 Interest 573‚200 Taxable Income 518‚464 Taxes
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Cost Classifications Consult Ch. 6 & 7 of Health Care Finance and other sources to complete the form. This worksheet requires you to match the definitions and examples of types of cost‚ and the types of centers where costs occur. Part 1: For each term in Column A‚ select the correct definition from Column B on the right. Write the corresponding letter of the definition next to the term. Column A f 1. Indirect costs a 2. Direct costs d 3. Fixed costs i e h b c g 4. Variable
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Early Life Richard Milhous Nixon grew up in Yorba‚ California the son of Quakers Frank and Hannah Nixon. During Nixon ’s childhood in Yorba‚ the family was always on the edge of poverty. The lemon grove was unfruitful‚ and there was little money for anything beyond food and clothing for the growing family. The Nixons never ate in a restaurant or took even a brief vacation. Nixon ’s early life was one of boyish stubbornness. He swam in the dangerous Anaheim Canal in spite of repeated warnings from his
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AB (H&M). We will analyse on it using PESTEL‚ Porter’s Five Forces and SWOT to get a clear concept of what H&M is today and where it can go. This positioning will be helpful in strategy designing. Company activities H&M was established in Västerås‚ Sweden in 1947 by Erling Persson. We now sell clothes and cosmetics in around 2.200 stores around the world. * H&M offers fashion and quality at the best price * H&M offers fashion for women‚ men‚teenagers and children. * H&M also sells
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Cost Benefit Analysis A cost benefit analysis is done to determine how well‚ or how poorly‚ a planned action will turn out. Although a cost benefit analysis can be used for almost anything‚ it is most commonly done on financial questions. Since the cost benefit analysis relies on the addition of positive factors and the subtraction of negative ones to determine a net result‚ it is also known as running the numbers. A cost benefit analysis finds‚ quantifies‚ and adds all the positive factors. These
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of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity needs trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost‚ scarcity and trade-off are important in our daily life because it affects us every day in different ways and
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The Costs of Production Production and Costs Costs in the Short Run Fixed Costs Implicit Costs Explicit Costs Variable Costs Average Costs Marginal Costs The Symmetry Between Production and Costs Total Product and Total Cost Curves Geometry of Average and Marginal Costs Curves Average Physical Product and Average Variable Costs Marginal Physical Product and Marginal Cost Costs in the Long Run Isocost Lines Cost Minimization The Expansion Path and the Long Run Total Cost Curve Average Cost and
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Microeconomics Topic 6: “Be able to explain and calculate average and marginal cost to make production decisions.” Reference: Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Microeconomics‚ 2nd edition‚ Chapter 13. Long-Run versus Short-Run In order to understand average cost and marginal cost‚ it is first necessary to understand the distinction between the “long run” and the “short run.” Short run: a period of time during which one or more of a firm’s inputs cannot be changed. Long run: a period of time during which
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