ZAINAB RAZZAQ IQRA MUBEEN SABIKA RAFIQ CLONING Content Introduction History Ways of Cloning Types Advantages Disadvantages Human Cloning What Is Cloning? Cloning is the process of creating genetically identical organisms Asexual organisms are reproduce by cloning themselves Human identical twins are clones of each other Clones have identical DNA but can have different personalities History of Cloning 1938 –Hans Spemann proposes a “fantastic experiment” – to replace the
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introduction of a new species from elsewhere can greatly affect the balance of nature. What is a virus? A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most viruses are too small to be seen directly with a light microscope. Viruses infect all types of organisms‚ from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea. All viruses have genes made from either DNA or RNA‚ long molecules that carry genetic information; all have a protein coat that protects these
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At the beginning of the semester‚ samples of bacteria were obtained from various sources. Two bacterial colonies were isolated from plates that were incubated in the lab and these bacteria became the basis for this project. The bacterial cultures were maintained and used for various physiological‚ cultural‚ and biochemical tests and observations over several weeks. The purpose of culturing bacteria over half the course of the semester was to learn various techniques used in microbiology labs and
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Extant microorganisms are organisms from the fossil record that are no longer present on Earth today. True False 2. All cellular organisms can be placed into one of three __________‚ which include the Bacteria‚ Archaea‚ and the Eukarya. ________________________________________ 3. Archaea are cellular organisms that have unique cell membrane __________. ________________________________________ 4. Microbiologists study a variety of organisms‚ but all are considered either
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development Theme: New Properties Emerge at Each Level in the Biological Hierarchy The biosphere Cells Biomes Organs and organ systems Ecosystems Cell Organelles Communities Atoms Tissues Molecules Populations Organisms Emergent Properties • Emergent Properties: result from arrangement and interaction of parts within a system – EXAMPLES? The Power and Limitations of Reductionism • Reductionism: breakdown of complex systems to simpler components more
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Chapter 22: Protists 22-1: Characteristics of Protists Protists Are a Varied and Ancient Group of Organisms Protists are the most diverse of all organisms - most are unicellular - microscopic - few are complex and multicellular Characteristics - eukaryotes - some photosynthesis - some ingest their food - some absorb their food - some have flagella or cilia o used for locomotion or getting food - found
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Biol 160 Human Biology Quiz 1 Name:Layla Atkins DEFINITIONS (2 pts each) Define the following terms. Remember - you can’t use the word you are defining in its definition! 1. Homeostasis – The ability of an organism or cell to maintain the same internal environment regardless of changes in the external environment. 2. Metabolism –The chemical reaction that occur in a cell. 3. Experiment –Procedures used to test a hypothesis. 4. Control group – Subject(s) that goes through the
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Differentiating Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells‚ Distinguish Among Plant‚ Animal‚ and Protist Cells‚ and Identifying the Organelles that are Evident in Them Introduction There are two different types of cells‚ prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes‚ such as bacteria‚ lack a nuclear membrane and other membrane bound organelles. Their genetic material consists of a single molecule of singular DNA. Eukaryotes‚ such as plant and animal cells‚ have a nuclear membrane and other membrane
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ex: eyes closing/blinking/squinting/tearing as a result of the | | |irritant | |Multicellular organisms have order to their parts. In|Smallest part to largest level of organization: | |increasing order of complexity the parts are |Cell‚ tissues‚ organ‚ organ systems
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spread by a meteorite to the Earth where it found an environment that allowed it to thrive and evolve into what it is today. Another theory is that heterotrophs were the first living organisms on the planet. “According to the heterotrophic hypothesis the first living beings were very simple heterotrophic organisms‚ i.e.‚ not producers of their own food‚ which emerged from the gradual association of organic molecules into small organized structures (the
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