THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield
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Strengthening Operational Risk Management through Effective Loss Management MetricStream Webinar 28 November 2012 Patricia Jalleh Executive Director RiskBusiness International Agenda • The importance of loss management • Critical success factors for managing loss events • Integrating loss management and operational risk management 2 Basel Definition of Operational Risk Operational risk is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed Internal processes People Systems
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and disadvantages of financial risk management? Financial risk management is the practice of creating economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk. Similar to general risk management‚ financial risk management requires identifying its sources‚ measuring it‚ and plans to address them. Financial risk includes various categories such as credit risk‚ market risk‚ liquidity risk‚ operation risk and reputation risk. These are risks that can ruin a company as well
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1.1 The micro-environment This environment influences the organization directly. It includes suppliers that deal directly or indirectly‚ consumers and customers‚ and other local stakeholders. Micro tends to suggest small‚ but this can be misleading. In this context‚ micro describes the relationship between firms and the driving forces that control this relationship. It is a more local relationship‚ and the firm may exercise a degree of influence. These are internal factors close to the company
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Risk This assignment will critically evaluate theories of risk‚ and consider the approaches to practice for the role of a local authority social worker in the identification‚ assessment and management of risk of social work with children‚ young people and families. There will be consideration given to the impact of social work practice on service users and carers including my understanding of anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice. The idiom ‘damned if you do and damned if you don’t’
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MANAGEMENT OF EXCHANGE RATE RISK EXPOSURE There are number of ways by which exchange rate risk exposure can be managed: - Natural Hedges - Cash Management - Adjusting of Intracompany accounts - International financing hedges and currency hedges through forward contracts‚ futures contracts‚ currency options and currency swaps NATURAL HEDGE - A hedge (risk reduction action) that occurs naturally as a result of a firm’s normal operations. For example‚ revenue received in a foreign
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Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation Summary Karen Garcia MKT/421 10/0/2012 MICHAEL GAITHER Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation Summary In the simulation I am the marketing manager for Thorr Motorcycles a $5 billion company‚ which manufactures a range of motorcycles‚ and produces more than 200‚ 000 units per years (University of Phoenix‚ 2012). It will be a great challenge‚ because I will need to formulate a differentiation strategy‚ also
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Business Risk vs. Audit Risk By Gabriel Agboola The following article first appeared online in the IT Compliance Institute Ask The Auditor column. Used with Permission. What’s the difference between business risk and audit risk? Business risk relates mainly to an organization’s goals and objectives. It is essentially the potential cost incurred if the business does not achieve its strategic plans. The assessment and management of business risk has evolved into formalized enterprise risk management
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MICRO AND MACRO MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Introduction Micro marketing Refers to the internal controllable factors or forces which affects the ability of a company to serve its customers. e.g. the organization‚ the market‚ the suppliers‚ market intermediaries and the marketing mix. The micro marketing environment that surrounds organisations can be complex by nature‚ however the company has an element of control over how it operates within this environment. Macro marketing Refers to the external
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Macro environment of apple company. Macro environment is a far environment which comprise of several forces that raise strategic issue to Apple. These forces are social force‚ economic force‚ politic force‚ and technology force which well known as PEST (figure 3). Figure 3 Macro Environment Technology forces The first force that influences computer industry structure is rapid and sustained technical progress. Each year‚ integrated circuits and other electronic components become better
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