Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Background Teenagers on adolescence stage have major development task‚ as a full time students they need to study‚ they spend up to seven hours in school‚ which is why academic achievement is important thing in order to make teenagers feel successful. In learning process‚ there are several stages we will find. First the information we receive will be call as an input that comes to our brain then there are further processing called mental processor then the result
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Discuss the Reliability of One Cognitive Process Memory is an example of a cognitive process‚ in other words it is a process by which knowledge is gained. This essay will attempt to explain the internal processes which are involved in memory and try to determine whether or not our memories as mental process of knowing‚ reasoning and judging can be considered reliable sources of information. First of all‚ memory is defined as the process of retaining and recalling past events or experiences.
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Outline and evaluate research into the duration‚ capacity and encoding of information in the short term memory. Short term memory is information that we are currently aware of and that we pay attention to‚ information from the short term memory comes from focusing on sensory memory and once focused on stored in the long term memory until it recalled. Research suggests that the duration of short term memory is limited to on average of up to 2 minutes. Duration is the amount of time a memory lasts
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Abstract The study is Bower 1969 chunking. The aim of the story was to show the effectiveness of chunking. Participants were asked to memorize 12 list 10 unrelated words that were organizing. This experiment was to see how chunking was used to increase the capacity of STM. Participants were showed a letter sequence. The independent variable was chunking and the dependent variable was how many letters the participants can remember. The conclusion of this experiment showed that participants memorize
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Short-Term Memory Diana Nunez Nicholas Salter‚ Ph.D. Introduction to Psychology Psychology 101‚ Section 8 October 26‚ 2010 Short-Term Memory The short-term memory is the lead to our long lasting remembers. Short-term memory is the second stage in the memory processing (Huffman). The short-term memory is the part of the memory that temporarily stores and processes information from the sensory memory and holds it until it decides if the information will be sent to the third stage or long-term
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The WMM model of memory Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model was extremely successful in terms of the amount of research it generated. However‚ as a result of this research‚ it became apparent that there were a number of problems with their ideas concerning the characteristics of short-term memory. Building on this research‚ Baddeley and Hitch (1974) developed an alternative model of short-term memory which they called working memory. There are three main components to the original
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Discussion The experiment’s results have shown that the participants had no major difficulty in retaining 6 and 9 digit information……….. Measures of working memory capacity reflect both memory processes and executive attention‚ whereas traditional measures of short-term memory reflect primarily memory processes such as grouping‚ chunking‚ and rehearsal. In the digit-span task‚ the participants were shown a list of digits‚ and afterwards were asked to recall them in order by writing down
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Explaining Memories Memory is defined as the faculty by which sense impressions and information are retained in the mind and subsequently recalled. A person’s capacity to remember and the total store of mentally retained impressions and knowledge also formulate memory. (Webster‚ 1992) The study of human memory and in particular the attempts to distinguish between different types of memory have been investigated for the last century. Philosophy‚ psychiatry‚ and psychology have all contributed to
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The Working Memory Model (WMM) is a theory by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974. The theory replaces the idea that there is a single Short Term Memory (STM) from Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)‚ it suggests that the STM is a flexible multi-component system. The WMM suggests that the STM is controlled by the Central Executive (CE) which controls attention‚ planning and synthesising information. The Central Executive is a flexible system which means it can process audio‚ visual and sound information‚ it also
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Working memory model Central executive-has overall control of information from any sensory system. Controls the slave system ; decision maker Phonological loop- stores a limited number of speech based sounds; consists of the Phonological store – INNER EAR allows acoustically coded items to be stored for a brief period of time Articulatory control process- INNER VOICE allows sub vocal repetition of the items in the phonological store. Visuo-spatial scratch pad –stores visual and spatial
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