Extraction of metals The History of Metals. Metals have been used by people for many thousands of years. Gold and silver‚ found as native metal‚ were used both as jewellery and as a status symbol - nothing new there. These metals were known in the Stone Age‚ but gold and silver are too soft to be used as tools. The first really useful metal to be discovered was bronze. This began the Bronze Age. Bronze was used extensively for tools and weapons in Asia and Africa from 4‚500 B.C. (6‚500 years
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syringe. 3. About 3 cm of magnesium ribbon was measured out using a ruler. 4. The magnesium ribbon was polished using steel wool to remove any coating of oxides as magnesium can be a reactive metal. When magnesium is exposed to oxygen it reacts to form metal oxides. This step is necessary in order to obtain reliable results. 5. The mass of magnesium ribbon was measured and recorded using top pan balance. 6. Step 3‚ 4 and 5 was repeated four times. 7. 3M of hydrochloric acid was diluted into 30 mL
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of sulfuric acid is 0.05 mol/dm3 using the concentration equation‚ c= n/v. 25 cm3 of the volume with sodium hydroxide is equal to 0.025 dm3 by dividing a thousand with cm 3 and multiply it with 0.1 mol/ dm3 which is the concentration of sodium hydroxide. With the ratio between sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide is 1 to 2 so‚ 0.0025 should be divided by 2 and 0.00125 moles of sulfuric acid is come out. Finally‚ using c = m/v‚ 0.00125 mole/0.025 dm3 and the answer for concentration of the acid is
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by everyday pollution from houses‚ factories‚ cars‚ and etc. This is the concept of acid rain‚ which according to EPA.gov is a broad term referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. Acid rain isn’t just rain‚ its forms like hail or snow‚ which is wet deposition‚ and smoke or dust‚ which is dry deposition. The effects of acid rain are quite terrifying bringing all types of problems to the Earth‚ for example
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Magnesium Deficiency in Cattle Introduction Grass Tetany is a common magnesium deficiency disorder in cattle that is caused by a variety of factors such as fertiliser use‚ soil properties‚ breed‚ age‚ climatic effects and management strategies. The following essay aims to outline the causes of magnesium deficiency as was as point out a number of treatment options and prevention methods available to the producer as well as ways for predicting magnesium deficiency. Improving control of this disorder
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Nitric acid is a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in making fertilizers‚ explosives‚ and rocket fuels‚ and in a wide variety of industrial metallurgical processes. It is also a component of acid rain. Its chemical formula is HNO3 and it has been known as “aqua fortis”‚ which means strong water‚ to alchemists. It is a transparent‚ colorless to yellowish‚ fuming corrosive liquid. Nitric acid is a strong acid and therefore it completely dissociates in water. It has a gravity of 1.41 and the concentration
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Resources‚ Conservation and Recycling 21 (1997) 145–173 Metals recycling: economic and environmental implications Robert U. Ayres * INSEAD‚ Boule6ard de Constance‚ F-77305‚ Fontainebleau‚ France Received 17 July 1997; accepted 27 July 1997 Abstract We are in a period of economic transition. The ‘cowboy economy’ of the past is obsolescent‚ if not obsolete. Environmental services are no longer free goods‚ and this fact is driving major changes. Recycling is the wave of the (immediate) future
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Vol. 1 ACETIC ACID 115 ACETIC ACID 1. Introduction Acetic acid [64-19-7]‚ CH3COOH‚ is a corrosive organic acid having a sharp odor‚ burning taste‚ and pernicious blistering properties. It is found in ocean water‚ oilfield brines‚ rain‚ and at trace concentrations in many plant and animal liquids. It is central to all biological energy pathways. Fermentation of fruit and vegetable juices yields 2–12% acetic acid solutions‚ usually called vinegar (qv). Any sugar-containing sap or juice can
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Calorimetry: Enthalpy of Neutralization Introduction: The purpose of this lab experiment was to determine the molar concentration of the unknown HCl by using a coffee cup calorimeter. A coffee cup calorimeter is made of Styrofoam cups with a thermometer that is placed from the top and into the calorimeter to measure the temperature as the reaction happens. The Styrofoam cup used for the calorimeter creates an isolated system as it acts as a heat insulator between the cup and the surrounding
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Victoria MacDonald SCH3U Zegil Due May 5th‚ 2017 Magnesium Oxide Lab Purpose: To determine the composition by mass of magnesium oxide‚ the percentage composition‚ and the percentage yield. Hypothesis: The law of definite proportions states that a chemical compound always contains the same amount of proportions of elements by mass. Based on the law of definite proportions‚ the percentage composition of magnesium oxide should be 60.3% magnesium and 39.7% oxygen. Prediction: Based on the law of
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