handicrafts on the caravan routes to Europe and East Asia‚ When it was captured by the Russians in 1865‚ it was a walled city of some 70‚000 inhabitants and already a leading centre of trade with Russia. In 1867 it was made the administrative centre of the new governorate-general of Turkistan‚ and a new European city grew up beside the old native one. Soviet rule was established by Russian colonists in November 1917 after an armed uprising. Tashkent remained the capital of the new republic of Turkistan
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A Brief Introduction to Russian Formalism Zhu Gang In the heyday of high modernism emerged a group of college students and young faculty in Moscow and Petersburg‚ Russia‚ whose interest was claimed to be literature per se. They were few in number‚ but their unmistakable insistence on the ideal status of literary study and stubborn pursuit for its realization has marked the beginning of a new era‚ and produced profound influence on the subsequent development of contemporary Western critical
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the Russian Federation Hermann Schmitt White & Case‚ Moscow 1 Hermann Schmitt Partner 1 General background 1.1 Joint ventures under Russian law Russian law currently does not provide a specific definition of ‘joint ventures’.2 In broad terms‚ a joint venture is a structure involving two or more independent entities that decide to work together on a specific project. Both contractual (i.e. based solely on a co-operation contract) and incorporated joint ventures are customary in Russia. However
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The Fall of Tsarist Russia‚ The Rise of the Soviet Union. “To the very end‚ through its inflexibility and ineptness‚ the autocracy had been the principal architect of its own downfall. -Christopher Read Russia‚ prior to the rise of the Communist powers‚ was a simple country‚ with the Romanov bloodline at its helm. The country‚ with its sprawling landmass and spread out population‚ was perhaps one of the least developed countries in Europe. (Bruner) While the rest of the world changed
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Not very long ago when people mentioned ballet‚ they thought of Russian ballet. In fact ballet came to Russia relatively late. It brought traditions from many other countries‚ mainly from France and Italy. Actually Tsar Nicholas I was ready to spend great sums of money on the dance companies‚ so ballet got recognition in the capital at St. Petersburg and in Moscow. The Russian ballet dates back to 1847. It was the year when Marius Petipa‚ a young French dancer‚ arrived in St. Petersburg. He found
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a catalyst for change in Russia between 1855 and 1924 War was an important cause of change in Russia during the period 1855-1924 and arguably was the most important cause but it was certainly not the only one. Other factors such as the influence of key individuals played a great part in determining change in Russia and should be considered to be very important as well. Russia had been heavily defeated in the Crimean war and this consequently was the most important cause of change under Alexander
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The Rise of Communism in Russia "Unless we accept the claim that LeninÕs coup dÕtat gave birth to an entirely new state‚ and indeed to a new era in the history of mankind‚ we must recognize in todayÕs Soviet Union the old empire of the Russians -- the only empire that survived into the mid 1980’s" (Luttwak‚ 1). In their Communist Manifesto of 1848‚ Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels applied the term communism to a final stage of socialism in which all class differences would disappear
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Globalisation in Russia : the challenge of the transition to the world economy Fifteen years ago‚ the Soviet Union was a socialist authoritative country‚ tightly isolated from capitalist countries. Nowadays‚ its direct heir‚ Russia‚ is one of the most quickly growing markets of the world‚ strongly open on the global economy. During the 1990s‚ Russia underwent an extraordinary transformation from a communist dictatorship to a multi-party democracy‚ from a centrally planned system to a market economy
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The Major Events of the French Revolution are Call of the Estate General which was in May 5‚ 1789. The French Revolution began on account of King Louis XVI. France was losing a plenty of cash and was very nearly on the state of bankruptcy. The Tennis Court Oath that was on June 20‚ 1789. On 17 June 1789‚ the Third Estate‚ drove by Honoré Gabriel Riqueti‚ started to call themselves the National Assembly. Another occasion is The Storming of the Bastille which was on July 14‚ 1789. The Bastille is a
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In the context of the years 1815 to 1917 to what extent was the collapse of Tsardom caused by the spontaneous upsurge of the political masses? To fully understand the collapse of Tsardom‚ the condition of Russia in 1917 must be analysed‚ along with 1815 to 1917. The Russian revolution and the subsequent collapse of Tsardom are perceived to be caused by the spontaneous upsurge of the political masses by some Historians however‚ it is also seen to be the result of a century of general discontent
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