Library Briefing Library of the European Parliament 23/09/2013 Corporate tax avoidance by multinational firms In this briefing: The scale of Member States’ (MS) losses through the increasingly aggressive use of tax-avoidance schemes by multinational companies (MNCs) is difficult to estimate‚ but is considered serious. Press reports have highlighted the low tax paid by well-known‚ very successful companies. The tax reduction methods used by MNCs have been well known for decades. They include transfer
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Unlike other societal trauma‚ such as domestic violence or human trafficking‚ with gang violence it is a little bit more difficult to distinguish a singular perpetrator. Typically‚ there is an established hierarchy between victim and perpetrator. Perpetrators assert a sense of superiority over their victims. In regards to gang violence‚ those engaging in violent acts are almost identical in socioeconomic and cultural factors to their victims. The true difference between victim and perpetrator is
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Over the course of history female gangs have been largely overlooked from the focus of gang studies and research‚ the main focus has been how males are influenced and influence the world through gang membership. Anne Campbell argued this in her piece The Girls in the Gang‚ stating that it started with Frederic Thrasher’s work that merely focused on delinquent boys‚ even noting that the research conducted on female gangs has been largely done by male researchers (Venkatesh‚ 1998). However‚ the reality
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(Shakur‚ Sanyika). For the past four decades gangs have populated the streets of Los Angeles; growing from 18 to 60 from 1972 to 1978‚ and from 155 to 270 gangs from 1982 to 1996. The bloods and crips in Los Angeles are predominately African Americans; with the exceptions of about four gangs which reside in Long Beach‚ Carson‚ Compton‚ and Inglewood and they consist of Samoan and members from Tongan descent. Gangs aren’t just an urban city problem but gangs have reached out to suburban and rural areas
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Youth gangs in Canada is becoming more and more of issue. Adolescents across Canada resort to joining youth gangs for many different reasons. A youth gang is a group of young adolescents who use intimidation and violence to gain prestige among other gangs and control certain areas of unlawful activities. For all the reasons an adolescent would join a youth gang‚ police and the Government have come up with programs to prevent youth from joining and to get them to leave the gangs. With programs involving
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term/definition of gang‚ according to Etymology dictionary. As I pose the question‚ what exactly causes gang violence to occur in the context that we use it today? Possible things I propose‚ family demographics‚ peer groups‚ and personal attributions. These risk factors may promote to someone joining a gang and committing to violence. But there are better ways to solve issues rather than resorting to violence. The community support and education maybe our only chance to a resolution. The typical gang member
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This definition shares some homogeneous attributes with the definition of the Euro gang Network with its reference to durability‚ territorial space or geographical orientation and more significantly a unique youth group identity that fixates on violent and illegal activities. On the other hand‚ albeit any group of young people can be defined as a gang‚ it is their criminal and violent activities that engender fear and as a result‚ it is perceived as problematic in society (HM Government‚ 2010). Equally
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Similarities in the basic characteristics of a juvenile group or gang behavior are found in almost every class and cultural context. (Ludovici 1947). Those most likely to participate in delinquent activities are members of gangs. Across the globe‚ the phenomenon of juvenile gangs has become an important and sensitive public issue. The image of gangs has become more common world wide because of globalization these developments reveal tight connections with
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crimes. I have researched many different kinds of gangs to motorcycle gangs like the “Hells Angels” to the prison gangs such as the “Latin Kings”. Why is there gang violence‚ how does it impact our daily lives‚ and how can it be prevented? Gang violence‚ is the most organized as a well sophisticated crime that comes into play here in America as well as other countries. Founded on March 17‚ 1948 came the notorious gang of the “Hells Angels”. This gang has have lived up to their lawless image- arrest
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Gang violence affects about 60 percent of most households. Gang violence have affected many lives over the years. In the cities of Chicago‚ violence is emerging a lot as the years go on. Gangs in the city of Chicago first started about the 1970’s‚ with 970 murders in one year. Gang violence occurred within and across racial and ethnic lines throughout Chicago. In the late 1960’s powerful black and Puerto Rican gangs joined forces with political groups. According to a report by the office of juvenile
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