NOTES – JOHN STUART MILL - UTILITARIANISM 1. John Stuart Mill – On Virtue and Happiness (1863)The utilitarian doctrine is‚ that happiness is desirable‚ and the only thing desirable‚ as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end. What ought to be required of this doctrine‚ what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill‚ to make good its claim to be believed? The only proof capable of being given that an object is visible is that people actually see it.
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Utilitarianism is a moral theory which centers on happiness and how we can promote it‚ and is measured by our actions. Utilitarianism explains how human’s ultimate goal is to achieve happiness. This is also called hedonism‚ limiting the amount of pain and equating happiness with pleasure. This theory explains how we aim for happiness through our actions. According to hedonism‚ when a person wishes to act ethically‚ they should strive to produce the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest
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Two of the most well-known philosophers of ethics‚ Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill‚ possess distinct views on the founding principles of morality and justice. Kant contends that morality relies on autonomy and kindness‚ whereas Mill bases the theory on the ideal of happiness‚ or utility. This essay aims to clarify Kant’s view of autonomy and goodness‚ compare it to Mill’s utilitarianism‚ and analyze their divergent perspectives on drug legalization and decriminalization in the context of their
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Deontology Deontology steps in where utilitarianism fails‚ utilitarianism fails in the idea that there are absolutely morally forbidden actions. But‚ in reality‚ even the worst actions are not always wrong‚ given extreme circumstances. Deontology is all about duty and moral laws. For instance‚ if a person does a good act‚ and it has a good outcome‚ from a utilitarianistic view‚ this person was right. However‚ in deontological view‚ this person is only right if the decision was made or action
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DEONTOLOGY vs UTILITARIANISM The theory of deontology is derived from the writings of German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). Kant stated that a universal law should provide the basis for each act‚ and that the intention was of more importance than the result. Deontology is a duty-based ethical position‚ where one ’s actions are based on what is ethically correct‚ regardless of the consequences (Porche‚ 2004). Deontological theories hold that actions are morally right
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This relates to the tension between Deontology and Utilitarianism because both have not approached the general level of acceptance in moral philosophy. 5. From the reading in the book in Section 6‚ how does rule utilitarianism answer the problem of “hanging the innocent man”? The rule of utilitarianism answers the people because act utilitarianism comes into action. A moral decision to maximize the best outcome of all persons are considerable verse
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Utilitarianism and libertinism are debatable philosophies to decide what is just. Utilitarian main principle is maximizing society happiness. From Utilitarian point of view‚ the best action is the action produce happiness for the greatest amount of people. Even though minority of people will suffer for the majority’s happiness. Moreover‚ utilitarianism measures the cost and benefit in single scale which is happiness. From this view‚ any other things than happiness are not valuable. On the other hand
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Utilitarianism‚ in its most basic form‚ upholds actions resulting in ends that allow for greatest good for the greatest amount of people‚ and ensures that pleasure is maximized and pain is minimized. Sovereign forces of pleasure and pain drive one’s everyday actions and justify said actions (Bentham‚ 1789). Raskolnikov’s methodical evaluation of the moral dilemma presented to him exemplifies an intrinsic understanding of utilitarianism. Raskolnikov employs the fundamentals
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Daniel Reyhan Philosophy 146 Paper 1 Question 1 One of the most significant philosophers in today’s world by the name of Immanuel Kant established an ethical theory with Utilitarianism. Kant’s moral theory was identified as difficult to learn‚ but once understood people understanding it must know the necessities as well. I will be explaining an argument that can support these views‚ as well as disprove them. One formula that Kant uses is the Formula of the End in Itself. We must recognize what it
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competition. Morality depends on our motives and of procedures. Although we can do what we want‚ we have to work without doing harm or violating any laws because this will result to corruption‚ violence‚ theft‚ etc. On the other hand‚ Utilitarianism states the overall and the greatest good‚ or the “Greatest happiness of the greatest number”. The basis for right and wrong depends if the given consequence or action upholds the happiness of the majority. It may promote human welfare but argument
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