Acids And BAses Acids And BAses 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Theories of acids and bases Properties of acids and bases Strong and weak acids & bases The pH scale Calculations involving acids and bases (AHL) Buffer solutions (AHL) Salt hydrolysis (AHL) Acid-base titrations (AHL) Indicators (AHL) 8 8.1 THeORies OF Acids And BAses 8.1.1 Define acids and bases according to the Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis theories. 8.1.2 Deduce whether or not a species could act as a Brønsted–Lowry
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good conclusion should contain all of the following parts a) You should state what experiment was performed‚ and show any necessary reaction schemes. The reaction schemes should include molecular weights and any other important physical data for the reagents and products. Ex. Cyclohexanol was oxidized to cyclohexanone using sodium dichromate in the presence of sulfuric acid. * Note: you can download a free version of a structure editor from ACD labs‚ the PC version is called chemsketch‚ the Mac version
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lab‚ caproic acid was synthesized in a multi-step process that involved the synthesis of three intermediates – diethyl n-butylmalonate‚ potassium n-butylmalonate‚ and n-butyl malonic acid respectively. An IR was used to characterize the starting material‚ n-bromobutane‚ and the first intermediate‚ diethyl n-butylmalonate; while IR and NMR were used to characterize the final product‚ caproic acid. Reactions‚ Mechanism and Theory Caproic acid a.k.a n-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid derived from
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9.1 Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid is Manufactured in Industry 1. Sulphuric acid‚ H2SO4 is manufactured in industry through Contact Process. 2. The raw materials used are sulphur‚ air and water 3. The Contact process consists of three stages. Stage 1: The production of sulphur dioxide This can be obtained by two methods: 1. Burning of sulphur in dry air in the furnace S + O SO2 2. Burning of metal sulphide such as zinc sulphide or iron(III) sulphide in dry air. 2ZnS
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Acid-Base Calculations The Ion-Product Constant for Water‚ Kw Water undergoes ionization to a small extent: H20(l) H+(aq) + OH–(aq) The equilibrium constant for the reaction is the ion-product constant for water Kw: (1) This is a key equation in acid-base chemistry. Note that the product of [H+] and [OH–] is a constant at a given temperature (Eq(1) value is for 25oC). Thus as the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution increases‚ the hydroxide ion concentration decreases
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Minerals-to-Metals Research Initiative‚ Department of Chemical Engineering‚ University of Cape Town‚ Private Bag‚ Rondebosch‚ 7701‚ South Africa a r t i c l e i n f o Available online 17 June 2010 Keywords: Acid mine drainage Prediction test Sulfide tailings a b s t r a c t Acid mine drainage (AMD) is formed by the microbially catalysed oxidation of sulfide minerals on exposure to moisture and air. It results in the ongoing contamination of water streams with acidity‚ sulfate and metal
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Jarrett Sears Dr. Hummel Chem 121 2/7/13 A Chemical Reaction between Tin and Nitric Acid Introduction: Finding the products made from the components of tin metal and nitric acid is the ultimate objective of this lab; the formula of the products will be found in the CRC handbook thereafter. Procedure: First‚ obtain a clean crucible‚ and heat it under a Bunsen burner until it is as hot as possible‚ about 15 minutes within a fume hood unit. The Bunsen burner will be used under the fume
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Titration for Acetic Acid in Vinegar Purpose: The Primary Purpose of this Experiment is to Determine the Percent Content of Acetic Acid in a Household Bottle of President’s Choice Vinegar‚ using Titration Techniques. In addition‚ a Secondary Purpose for this Experiment that Derives Directly from the Primary Purpose is to Gain Hands On Experience in Titration Techniques‚ as a Vital Tool in our Quest to Understanding the Chemical Aspect of the World around Us. Procedure Conducting a Titration
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Mabel M. Kimble September 21‚ 2014 Chemistry 234 Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid ABSTRACT The recrystallization of Benzoic Acid was performed to fully master the ability to purify a solid compound. This form of purification technique is especially important in chemical identification‚ where the melting point of the compound is taken to confirm its purity. In order to perform recrystallization a solubility test much be completed. Four solvents (95% Ethanol‚ Petroleum Ether‚ Acetone and distilled
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fermented from sugar. The fermentation of ethanol results in the production of acetic acid (CH3COOH). The typical pH of vinegar ranges anywhere from 2 to 3.5‚ although shop-bought vinegar usually measures 2.4 www.wisegeek.com/what-is-vinegar.htm fig 1 In this study we will determine the amount of acid in a vinegar sample by using titration‚ a common technique in chemistry a typical shop brought vinegar has an acid percentage of 5% see fig 1. A titration is a technique where a solution of known
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