(750–1258) Under the Abbasid caliphate‚ which succeeded the Umayyads in 750‚ the topic of Islamic political and cultural life shifted eastward from Syria to Iraq‚ where Baghdad‚ the circular City of Peace‚ was founded as the new capital. The Abbasids later built another city north of Baghdad‚ called Samarra meaning “He who sees it rejoices”‚ which replaced the capital for about 40 years. Three centuries of Abbasid rule were a golden age in which Baghdad and Samarra’ functioned as the cultural capitals
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Aleppo: City of Beauty and War Aleppo once was a place of beauty and importance; over the last century how has it changed? From a once beloved city to a war zone. Aleppo is and was a very important economic trade center of the middle east‚ and is now a battleground for the Syrian Civil War. Aleppo is a dry city; in Southwestern Asia. It is North of the Arabian Peninsula. Aleppo has an annual precipitation of 13 inches a year. The average temperature of the city is 63.1°F. The combination of
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breaking up of the empire and conflict within the caliphate. Besides‚ Al-Mamun attempted religious and political authority and he supported rational thought‚ which put him at odds with the ulama. • What about the Third Crusade? When the Mamluk general Imad-ed-din Zangi died‚ his son Nureddin‚ who added Damascus to the land his father had gathered‚ succeeded him and after the death of Nureddin in 1174 AD‚ a strong Kurdish general named Salah al-din took over. Salah al-din soon conquered
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are the descendants of Muhammad’s uncle‚ Al-Abbas. They ruled for a long time from 750 to 1258. In the 9th century the Abbasid Caliphate suffered a crisis. The Caliph lost trust generals and troops in areas. So‚ the Caliph Purchased Turkic slaves‚ mamluks‚ from Asia to form a standing army. The Mauryan and Gupta Empires were located in India by the Ganges Valley. The Mauryan Empire was named after the founder Chandragupta Mauryan. The Gupta Empire was named after Maharaja Sri Gupta. The Main
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then by disturbing their trade route. The official goal of the campaign was to save Egypt from being conquered by the Mamluks and they would colonize Egypt so they would not have to directly assault the British. Napoleon and his Army of Orient left Toulon on May 19th‚ 1798 and started his invasion through Egypt. They were victorious in the Battle of Pyramids‚ which forced the Mamluks to flee south to Upper Egypt. However‚ they victory was short-lived since the British strategically destroyed all of
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away to have a standing Army. In return the Empire needed to make a deal with the Normans whom were somewhat consequently always attacking Byzantium. This would have caused a problem in that in that the pact that Michael VII made had thinned the troops. The standing army that he had instituted during peace times sent these troops to other areas of the vast empire‚ areas of less importance. This left Constantinople unprotected and open for an outside attack to happen. “In 1081 Robert Guiscard abandons
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Assessment 02.03 The Crusades * In 1905‚ Pope Urban saw an opportunity for power and decides to help the leader of the Byzantine Empire by killing the turks. As the Pope is Christian‚ he doesn’t want power in hands of infidels (infidels are people who don’t believe in Christianity)‚ and as Turks are Muslim and did not believe in the same ideas as the pope he wanted to kill them. * In 1096‚ Peter the Hermit (a French monk) started the "people’s crusade" which was made up mainly by poor peasants
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regain control over the region. Deteriorating relations between the Crusaders and their Christian allies in the Byzantine Empire culminated in the sack of Constantinople in 1204 during the Third Crusade. Near the end of the 13th century‚ the rising Mamluk dynasty in Egypt provided the final reckoning for the Crusaders‚ toppling the coastal stronghold of Acre and driving the European invaders out of Palestine and Syria in 1291. By the end of the 11th century‚ Western Europe had emerged as a significant
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1324 Departure From Mali I have a wonderful life in Mali full of luxurys that would make anyone happy and more gold than I know what to do with. I am about to embark on a religious journey called a hajj to Mecca . I am doing not only for myself but also for my people. It is of greatest importance to me as a devout muslim to fulfill this important pillar of Islam. This trip will help me to spread knowledge of my kingdom to the world‚ helping people around me with my wealth‚ learning more about Islam
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Umayyad Mosque‚ Damascus‚ Syria Space and Symbolism By Shijo Jose (A/2371/2011) History of Architecture II Year Sem IV Great Mosque of Damascus‚ also called Umayyad Mosque‚ the earliest surviving stone mosque‚ built between ad 705 and 715 by the Umayyad Caliph al-Walīd I. The mosque stands on the site of a 1st-century Hellenic temple to Jupiter and of a later church ‘Basilica of Saint John the Baptist’. Some Syrio-Roman fragments remain in the structure‚ as does a shrine supposedly enclosing
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