~~~FIRST CRUSADE - After the Normans had settled in France and conquered England‚ both France and England‚ and also the Holy Roman Empire‚ were stronger than they had been since the time of Charlemagne. Their kings and queensbegan to think‚ as he had‚ of reconquering the whole Mediterranean and recreating the Roman Empire. In particular‚ they wanted to take Jerusalem‚ the city ofJesus Christ‚ away from the Islamic Fatimids who were ruling it. In 1095 AD Pope Urban made a great speech at Clermont
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account seems to add validity to the accounts of Imad al-Din and Baha al-Din with the similarities of the women going out on the battlefield dressed in armor. the Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta Regis Ricardi. The translation of the Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta Regis Ricardi by Helen Nicholson and William Stubbs described women helping fill in ditches to aid in the battle of acre‚ picking lice from crusaders‚ and as washerwomen that accompanied the army (Nicholson and Stubbs‚ 1997). This
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the 91 succeeding bishops. The original title of the Armenian patriarchs of Jerusalem was Bishop/Archbishop of Jerusalem. In the later Middle Ages‚ the archbishops of Jerusalem assumed the title of patriarch and received recognition as such from the Mamluk rulers of Egypt‚ who were at that time in possession of the Holy Land (Badr
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Shalyssa Benson Dr. McCormick World History – 104 27 September 2013 The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte‚ the second of eleven children‚ was born in August of 1769 on a French island named Corsica. Being born into a gentry family‚ this made Bonaparte’s success rate very high. Growing up Bonaparte could not speak fluent French. As he entered school at the age of ten‚ it was a struggle for him because other students referred to Bonaparte as an “outsider” due to his background
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CHAPTER 9 The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam‚ 200–1200 I. The Sasanid Empire‚ 224–651 A. Politics and Society 1. The Sasanid kingdom was established in 224 and controlled the areas of Iran and Mesopotamia. The Sasanids confronted Arab pastoralists on their Euphrates border and the Byzantine Empire on the west. Relations with the Byzantines alternated between war and peaceful trading relationships. In times of peace‚ the Byzantine cities of Syria and the Arab nomads who guided
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religious objects sent to the Ottoman sultans at various times between Sultan Selim the Grim’s assumption of the caliphate in the 16th century to the end of the 19th century. The caliphate passed from the Abbasids to the Ottomans with Selim’s conquest of Mamluk Egypt in 1517‚ upon which event the Holy Mantle of the Prophet (Hýrka-i Sa`âdet) was given to Selim by al-Mutawakkil III‚ the last Abbasid caliph. The dispatching of holy relics to Istanbul would continue thereafter‚ particularly during the period
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Timur‚ or Tamerlane‚ was the last great nomadic nomadic conqueror of Asia‚ and founder of the Timurid Empire and Dynasty. During his zenith‚ he commanded an empire which stretched from modern-day Turkey to Nepal. Most of Timur’s life was spent in military conquest. His military expansions often involved the wholsale slaughter and genocide of the conquered peoples‚ leaving dead hundreds of thousands of enemy soldiers and civilians. The life and analysis of Timur’s reign can be divided into three
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CH. 13 Notes Nomadism in C Asia nomadism is a way of life forced by a scarcity of resources Nomadic groups have the lowest pop. Desnsity In time of droughts conflicts increase Result extermination alliances frequent out migration Everyone was full time herdsman hunter and warrior Mongol superb riders Can shoot while galloping Leader = khan Khan’s decision ratified by a council Completion for resources reinforced slavery and tribute in C. Asia Some become slaves so
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Chapter 14 The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur I. The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan A. The Making of a Great Warrior: The Early Career of Chinggis Khan 1. Born Temujin to tribal leader‚ but father poisoned 2. Imprisoned by rival clan‚ but escapes a. Makes alliance with another clan 3. Reputation as warrior/military commander attracted other clan chiefs B. Building the Mongol War Machine 1. Natural warriors 2. Chinggis Khan’s leadership a. organization
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cannabis was used as a religious sacrament by ancient Jews and early Christians due to the similarity between the Hebrew word "qannabbos" ("cannabis") and the Hebrew phrase "aromatic cane". It was used by Muslims in various Sufi orders as early as the Mamluk period‚ for example by the Qalanders. John Gregory Bourke described use of "mariguan"‚ which he identifies as Cannabis indica or Indian hemp‚ by Mexican residents of the Rio Grande region of Texas in 1894. He described its uses for treatment of asthma
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