the Jaw jerk reflex‚ the Biceps reflex‚ the Brachioradialis reflex‚ the Extensor digitorum reflex‚ the Triceps reflex‚ the Patellar reflex or knee-jerk reflex‚ and the Ankle jerk reflex or Achilles reflex. Cranial nerve reflexes protect certain sensory nerves from being damaged. These reflexes include the Pupillary light reflex‚ the Accommodation reflex‚ the Jaw jerk reflex‚ the Corneal reflex which is also known as the blink reflex‚ the Vestibulo-ocular reflex‚ and the Gag reflex. Cranial nervous
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responses. The next layer was the mammalian brain and he called it our emotional mind‚ which is responsible for our feelings. Finally‚ the third layer was the human brain‚ which is responsible for thinking‚ creating meaning out of emotions and events. With the model of the brain‚ he showed that the brain processes information from the bottom‚ up. So the human brain is the last layer to receive and process information before going through the reptilian and mammalian brain. With a basic understanding
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originated upon Laurasia in the Cretaceous with the oldest fossilised remains having been dated to 125 Ma. The first period of metatherian diversification occurred in the late Cretaceous. The K-T mass extinction created an ecological void in which mammalian radiation occurred in the Palaeocene. With South America isolated from North America throughout the Tertiary‚ there was the second great period of metatherian diversification and there were numerous examples of placental and marsupial convergence
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Abstract Constructing a cladogram to determine the related species and the evolutionary history. Five mammalian species‚ which are dog‚ cat‚ horse‚ opossum‚ and deer‚ are distributed into cladogram based on morphological character and molecular data. This allows identifying the relatedness of these species. By their appearances of structures and behaviors‚ the dog and cat eat meet while deer and horse eat plants. This prediction leads to the hypothesis that car and dog are close whereas deer
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underwater breathing equipment‚ is an efficient use for this technique as it allows you to reduce your heart rate. This then allows the bodies oxygen consumption rate to be reduced‚ resulting in an overall increase in the ability to hold your breath to dive deeper depths (up to 60ft has been recorded). But don’t be mislead‚ this is not an ability that anyone could simply undertake on the family holiday. It requires strict self-control and powerful meditational skills. The Sympathetic and parasympathetic
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act on visceral organs of the body‚ whereas somatic reflexes involve skeletal muscle stimulation. Both types of reflexes are put into effect via the nervous system. (1) The Patellar reflex‚ or Knee-Jerk reflex‚ is used to test the nervous tissue in the spinal cord from L2-L4. The patellar reflex is known as a “reflex arc”. It is a negative feedback circuit that is made of three components. The first is a sensory‚ or afferent neuron which takes in information from a sensory stimulus‚ and translates
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Primitive reflexes and genetic sub-programs 1. Reflex responses to light touch: Light touch produces a variety of reflex responses‚ depending upon the area stimulated and the age of the individual. The motor responses are most marked in the early months of life. Grasp reflex (palmar and plantar): Light touch of the palm or sole produces reflex flexion of the fingers or toes. The most effective way to elicit the reflex is to slide the stimulating object‚ such as a finger
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trypanosome parasite. The vector-borne parasite is transmitted through the bite of tsetse fly when animals and humans become in contact with the fly. The single celled protozoa have complex life cycle spent partly in the tsetse fly and partly in the mammalian bloodstream. Human African trypanosomiasis is responsible for infecting and attacking more than 10‚000 people each year and kills hundreds of thousands of domesticated animals and prevents livestock production in many areas of Africa. About 500
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Infant Reflexes Rooting Reflex Rooting reflex is present at birth and assists in breastfeeding. However‚ this reflex will disappear at around four months. An infant will turn his head toward anything that touches his cheeks or mouth. He will search for the objects by turning his head and opening his mouth to follow the ‘root’. This reflex helps the infant search for the breast or bottle to start feeding. Moro Reflex The Moro reflex is present at birth and disappears in about two months of
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22: Human Reflex Physiology Chap 23: General Sensation Chap 22: Reflex Physiology Reflex Arc: mediated by neural paths (connections of neurons) to yield rapid involuntary muscle response to stimuli Two main groups of reflexes: 1) Autonomic: mediated thru autonomic nervous sys (smooth muscles in digestion‚ glands in sweating) 2) Somatic: involve sensory stimulation that causes skeletal muscles to react (withdrawal reflex from pain) 1 1/3/2013 Components of Reflex Arc 1. Receptor:
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