Front this divison of the peripheral nervous system includes the neurons found along the GI tract Back enteric nervous system Front name for a group of neuron cell bodies in the CNS Back nucleus Front name for a group of neuron cell bodies in the PNS Back ganglia Front these ions are cross the neuron cell membrane during a hyperpolarization Back Cl- K+ Page 1 Front Back these gates respond to chemical stimuli such as nerutransmitters
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Practical 2: Observation of mammalian kidney model and tissue slides. Analyzing kidney filtration using simple filtration system Introduction: Kidney is part of mammalian’s body endocrine system. Every mammals have a pair of kidneys that is located at the middle back of the body and symmetrically beside the spine and below the rib cage. A kidney approximately 0.5% of the organism body weight. Every kidney will receive huge amount of blood to enable them to perform important task. The base unit of
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observations‚ the pupil reflex is both an ipsilateral reflex and contralateral reflex. If a person’s left pupil is dilated more than his right pupil‚ he may have Anisocoria‚ a harmless condition characterized by unequally sized pupils affecting about 20% of the population. Having the subject close their eyes during the patellar tendon reflex amplified the response to the mallet strike by causing distraction so that the person was unable to voluntarily suppress the reflex. Although reflexes do not
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MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Organisms that have been genetically modified include micro-organisms such as bacteria and yeast‚ insects‚ plants‚ fish‚ and mammals. GMOs are the source of genetically modified foods‚ and are also widely used in scientific research and to produce goods other than food. HUMANS Human gene therapy Gene therapy is the use of DNA as
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These alternative approaches will involve the use of computer models‚ stem cells‚ and mammalian tissue cultures [1]. To extensively evaluate consistency of experimental medicine‚ the use of stem cells and mammalian tissue culture do not replicate influencing factors of in-vivo conditions. Nevertheless‚ advancements in biomedical sciences and regenerative medicine have demonstrated profound novel methods
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AmirAshkan Semyary By using the techniques of genetic engineering scientists are able to modify genetic materials so that a particular gene of interest from one cell can be incorporated into a different cell. It is necessary to obtain a gene to modify genetic material. First a scientist isolates plasmid DNA from bacteria and DNA carrying a gene of interest from cells of another organism‚ such as an animal. A piece of DNA containing the gene is inserted into a plasmid‚ producing recombinant DNA
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years Micturition =process by which the urinary bladder empties when it becomes filled =involves two main steps: 1) bladder fills progressively until the tension in its walls rises above a threshold level; this elicits 2) 2) a nervous reflex called
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General psychology Section A 1. The different schools of psychology represent the major theories within psychology. The first school of thought‚ structuralism‚ was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab‚ Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately‚ other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. In the past‚ psychologists often identified themselves exclusively with one single school of thought. Today‚ most psychologists have an eclectic outlook on psychology. They
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expulsion of the contents of the gastrointestinal system out through the mouth’ (Virtual medical centre‚ 2005). It is the symptoms of many different conditions and the side effects of certain drugs. Vomiting is the response of an activated emetic reflex by the integrative vomiting centre. The initiation of an emetic response can be prevented by the use anti-emetics drugs. These drugs are often useful for patients that are undergoing chemotherapy. The drugs act
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(book). B. What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. The cough reflex is the body’s was of elimination pathogens‚ particulate matter‚ liquid‚ and toxins from the body (Canning‚ 2006). In Cari’s case cilia lining the upper respiratory tract in charge of filtering inhaled air are paralyzes from smoking‚ so toxins are able to get into the lungs. When this happens‚ her body initiates the cough reflex to rid itself of these toxins
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