HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING LEARNING OUTCOMES Understand the history of accounting dating from prehistoric times to written record keeping. Identify the seven preconditions for the emergence of systematic book keeping. Know Luca Pacioll contributions in introducing double entry book keeping. Accounting is a tool‚ invented by humankind‚ to fulfill needs of society. Unlike the explorers of the past who discovered new lands‚ accounting cannot in any true sense be said to have been discovered
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FPC_Z0930086 Strategic Management Accounting: A Better Contribution to the Firm’s Strategy Anthony and Govindarajan (2007) define strategy as “...the general direction in which an organisation plans to move to attain its goals” (p.56)‚ the goals of strategy include: profitability‚ maximizing shareholder value‚ balancing risk and preserving company assets as well as pleasing customers and the market.(Anthony and Govindarajan‚ 2007). Lord (2007) adds that strategy’s main focus is to give the firm
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University of Michigan Why Do Firms Smooth Earnings?* I. Introduction Corporate earnings management has been much in the news lately. For example‚ Business Week has recently run two cover stories‚ one titled “Who Can You Trust?” (October 5‚ 1998) and the other titled “The Numbers Game” (May 14‚ 2001)‚ that suggest that the credibility of earnings reports is being eroded by earnings management. Arthur Levitt‚ Jr.‚ chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)‚ commented in 1998:
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Born on The 4th of July is a film based on the true story of Ron Kovic‚ a young‚ naïve man who went to Vietnam in the noble efforts of serving his country - once there‚ he was shot in the chest and was forever paralyzed. He returned to a United States which didn’t believe in the war‚ and didn’t believe in him. He soon grows embittered with life‚ losing his chances to be a man‚ condemned to a wheelchair for the rest of his life. He eventually joins the anti-war movement‚ gets thrown out of the Republican
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3101AFE TUTORIAL 1 – Semester 1 2014 Deegan Topic 1 Introduction to financial accounting theory 1.1 What is the difference between a positive theory of accounting and a normative theory of accounting? 1.6 The IASB and the FASB are currently developing a revised conceptual framework of financial reporting. If you have been asked to review the framework—which is an example of a normative theory of accounting—why would it be important for you to pay particular attention to how the objective
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of users in making economic decisions." What is meant by saying that accounting information should be decision useful’? As stated in the AASB Framework‚ financial statements play an utmost important role to a variety of users‚ which mainly consist of the investors‚ employees‚ lenders‚ suppliers and other trade creditors‚ customers‚ governments and their agencies‚ as well as the public‚ in making vital financial decisions. For accounting information to be decision useful’ to this groups of people
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Decision Making Process The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of the decision-making process used when I made a life changing employment decision. Making a decision to do something new usually involves giving up something else. Important decisions are even more difficult because of the conflict and emotion faced regarding the possible outcomes of the final decision. “The ideal decision making process includes six stages. (1) Identify and diagnose the problem‚ (2) generate alternative
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prepared financial statements The International Financial Reporting Standards or better known as IFRS‚ are generally principal-based standards‚ interpretations‚ and framework which is taken up by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) (Accounting Standards‚ 1997). The IFRS financial statements include the presentation of a set of statement of financial position‚ an income statement‚ a statement of cash flows and a statement of changes in equity. Information that are presented
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b) Make or continue buy Total cost of making Associated units making: Total cost of buying Associated units buying: The component RM 95 x 3000 unit RM285‚ 000 The decision is buy because cost of savingRM79‚ 000 (RM 346‚000 – RM285‚ 000). Working 1 1 unit of kettle – 3 hours 3000 unit of kettle – 9000 hours Working 2 3 unit of kettle – stop 1 unit of rice cooker 3000 of kettle – 1000 of rice cooker Contribution =
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ACCOUNTING NOTES FOR MY PERSONAL USE 4/12/2013 ELISHA VERIWA | Introduction to Accounting Accountancy is the process of communicating financial information about a business entity to users (stakeholders) such as shareholders and managers (Elliot‚ Barry & Elliot‚ Jamie: Financial accounting and reporting). Accounting has been defined as: * the art of recording‚ classifying‚ and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money‚ transactions and events which are‚ in part at least
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