income. (demonstrated by Squatting Investment Co) In Moore v Griffiths‚ the bonus received was a testimonial or personal gift rather than a reward for services rendered by the taxpayer in the course of his employment. The payment had no foreseeable element of recurrence‚ and there was no knowledge or expectation on the taxpayer’s part that the payment would be made as a reward for rendering his services. A bonus payment is ordinary income for the purposes of subsection 6-5(2) of the ITAA 1997
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The efficient-market hypothesis emphasizes that arbitrage will rapidly eliminate any profit opportunities and drive market prices back to fair value. Behavioral-finance specialists may concede that there are no easy profits‚ but argue that arbitrage is costly and sometimes slow-working‚ so that deviations from fair value may persist. Sorting out the puzzles will take time‚ but we suggest that financial managers should assume‚ at least as a starting point‚ that there are no free lunches to be
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important to him to achieve the highest quality of ethics and at the same time supporting all people! Enron decided to carry out a bonus system. This was a system that an employee would receive a bonus when a contract was signed‚ not completed! So‚ even if the contract was faulty or unethical if it was signed the employee received a large bonus; normally a 3% bonus on the price of the contract. This appeared to boost the moral of Enron‚ but the performance bonus’s started to get out of hand. Employees
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An Implication of the Modigliani-Miller Capital Structuring Theorems on the Relation between Equity and Debt1 Ruben D. Cohen 2‚3 Abstract We illustrate here the effects of the Modigliani-Miller theorems on capital structuring‚ emphasising especially on the relationship between equity and debt. This is carried out numerically via a simplified financial statement‚ which takes us through the methodology that leads to the ROE‚ WACC and firm’s value‚ all plotted against leverage. Introduction The
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SEBI Guidelines for Issue of Bonus Shares: A Company may issue bonus shares without obtaining prior approval but only after a period of 12 months after a public/rights issue and after safeguarding the rights of fully convertible and partly convertible debentures falling due for conversion within 12 months from the date of bonus issue. A bonus issue should take into consideration the future earning potential of the company‚ to conserve liquid reserves and to utilise reserves for issuing shares to
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Permanent Income Hypothesis Introduction The basic idea is that people’s income has a random element to it and also a known element to it and that people try to smooth the random part using saving and borrowing. Hence‚ we need to distinguish between permanent income and transitory income. Example: Suppose that you are working and receive an annual salary of twenty thousand dollar. Suppose that you expect to get that salary every year in the future. Then twenty thousand dollar represents the
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What is your opinion of the Efficient Market Hypothesis? When it comes to the valuation of a particular stock do you think that all information regarding the company is in the public domain? What brought you to your opinions? The Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH) according to Brigham and Ehrhardt (2011) “asserts that (1) stocks are always in equilibrium and (2) it is impossible for an investor to “beat the market” and consistently earn a higher rate of return than is justified by the
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important role in determining the efficiency of the stock market. By focussing on the above idea‚ the concept of Efficient Market Hypothesis has been developed and became one of the most concentrated and debatable topic
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SECURITY ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT | EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS | | MRIGANKA DAS‚ 13/09 | INTRODUCTION: The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Random Walks One of the early applications of computers in economics in the 1950s was to analyze economic time series. Business cycle theorists believed tracing the evolution of several economic variables over time would clarify and predict the progress of the economy through boom and bust periods. A natural candidate for analysis
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Chosen Topic-“Effective treatment for chemical dependency” Hypothesis- “Is PTSD related to those suffering with co-occurring disorders” Null Hypothesis- “Individuals with co-occurring disorders do not suffer from PTSD” Alternate Hypothesis- “Individuals with co-occurring disorders do suffer from PTSD” Below are five peer-reviewed articles that I will use for my research study for the effectiveness of counseling for individuals who suffer with PTSD‚ mental health issues and substance use disorder
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