VIEWPOINT NEUTRALITY AND GOVERNMENT SPEECH Joseph Blocher* Abstract: Government speech creates a paradox at the heart of the First Amendment. To satisfy traditional First Amendment tests‚ the government must show that it is not discriminating against a viewpoint. And yet if the government shows that it is condemning or supporting a viewpoint‚ it may be able to invoke the government speech defense and thereby avoid constitutional scrutiny altogether. Government speech doctrine therefore rewards
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Behavioural Issues in the Budgetary Control System Objectives of Budgeting Through budgeting organisations can provide information for strategic planning and control‚ these are the two main objectives of the budgetary control system. Management and management accountants must work together and operate a system that achieves these objectives‚ they do so through a system called variance analysis. Management accountants compare the actual results against the budgets; they then send reports to the
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International Management and Global theory of Management international management 1. the management of an organisation’s production or marketinterests in other countries by either local or expatriate staff 2. the management of a multinational business‚ made up of formerlyindependent organisations 3. the particular type of skills‚ knowledge and understanding needed by managers who are in charge of operations that involve people from different countries and cultures International
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IMPORTANT THEORY QUESTIONS IN OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 1. Define productivity. How can it be measured? How can the productivity of an organization be increased? 2. What is the transformation process? Explain the transformation process in a restaurant. 3. How is a job shop different from the batch production process? 4. What are the differences between manufacturing and service operations? 5. What are the characteristics of a good product design? 6. What is service capacity? Which strategies
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Explain how each of these systems supports the overall business goals of the organization. * Describe the nature of the relationship between the IT division and the other divisions of the organization. Explain problem‚ change and recovery management processes adopted by the IT division. (If the organization does not posses such processes‚ you may make suitable suggestions as part of your recommendations) * Explain the types of controls used by the IT division in order to protect the
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According to a report from The Chinese University of Hong Kong‚ there are about one third of advertising use super-thin models in top 5 entertainment magazines of Hong Kong. In addition‚ the two fifth interviewees think that using super-thin models in advertising have a real impact in their mentality. The 40% interviewees think that using super-thin models in advertising have a potential impact. The effect of super-thin models is strong in youths. Young people often find a kind of value from entertainment
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Financial Management Lecture 1- Introduction and Context 1Dr. Tarik Driouchi - tarik.driouchi@kcl.ac.uk Senior Lecturer- Financial & Mgt. studies Office Hours [WBW4.15]: Thursdays 4-6pm A few words on the AAFM MSc… Themes: Accounting Theory‚ Financial Accounting‚ Valuation‚ Corporate Governance‚ Financial Management & Markets‚ Behavioural Finance Structure: Taught modules (term 1 & 2) + Dissertation (term 3) KCL Keats‚ KCL e-resources and Q&As 2 Learning Objectives • Main objectives
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+ based on animal studies. Animal studies assumes same basic laws of learning apply to humans. Many ideas of behavioural approach tested on animals such as rats make generalisations to human behaviour. + strongly replicated; others reaching same conclusion makes theory more reliable. + can be easily tested through scientific study. Doesn’t blame patient. Removes all blame from patient as they have simply learnt disorder due upbringing & environment so doesn’t condemn for having disease as not
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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Over the years‚ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)‚ has become immensely popular and has become the treatment of choice for anxiety and panic disorders. Moreover‚ CBT combines two separate and effective styles of therapy: cognitive and behavioural. Moreover‚ the cognitive behavioural therapy facilitates one’s thinking process to be more healthy as well as adaptive and tries to change unhealthy behavioural problems. The theory underlying cognitive behavioural therapy is
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A new cognitive-behavioural theory has been designed in order to supplement the former model‚ hence why it is called the extended cognitive-behavioural model of bulimia (Fairburn et al.‚ 2003). It has to be emphasised that this model is aimed at supplementing the former model rather than replacing it. This model assumes that in certain patients‚ one or more of four additional maintaining processes interact with the core mechanisms‚ thereby making them more resistant to change in treatment. As can
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