Lecture 2- overview of the virus 1. The first step- the virus binds to a receptor-->entry and uncoating--> early gene expression-->replication of viral genome-->late gene expression->assembly of viral progeny-->exit 2. Concept 2.1- Virus entry is a multistep process with the ultimate goal of delivering viral genome (payload) into the cells. A. Binding to surface receptors- - a viral receptor is cell surface molecule‚ likely a transmembrane protein - a virus may need multiple receptors
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In general‚ an influenza virus infects only a single species; however‚ whole viruses may occasionally be transmitted from one species to another‚ and genetic reassortment between viruses from two different hosts can produce a new virus capable of infecting a third host. Avian influenza viruses are not readily introduced into humans [3]‚ possibly because humans
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dangerous type of viruses is one capable of transmitting itself across networks and bypassing security system. Worms are similar to computer viruses which they can replicate themselves to your computer‚ spread from computer to computer‚ but unlike a virus‚ it has the capability to travel without any human action. A worm takes advantage of file or information transport features on your system‚ which is what allows it to travel without any human action. The danger about the worms is the ability to reproduce
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How worried are you about the Influenza Virus? The Influenza virus‚ commonly known as the flu‚ is a viral disease that can be infectious in mammals and birds‚ it´s caused by RNA viruses. This disease is most common between the months of October and May‚ it can last from three days to five days; it´s an acute disease‚ because manifests quickly and last a short time. There are three types of Influenza according to how severe they are; Type A: The most severe type with the most acute symptoms.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (slowly-replicating retrovirus) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‚[1] an infectious disease in which progressive failure of the human immune system leads to life-threatening opportunistic infections and/or cancer. HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells)‚ macrophages‚ and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through three main mechanisms:
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NEW MICROBIOLOGICA‚ 36‚ 211-227‚ 2013 Chikungunya virus infection: an overview Claudia Caglioti‚ Eleonora Lalle‚ Concetta Castilletti‚ Fabrizio Carletti‚ Maria Rosaria Capobianchi‚ Licia Bordi Laboratory of Virology‚ “L. Spallanzani” National Institute for Infectious Diseases‚ Rome‚ Italy SUMMARY Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family‚ first isolated in Tanzania in 1952. The main vectors are mosquitoes from the Aedes species. Recently
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Rabies virus‚ like many rhabdoviruses‚ does have extremely wide host range. In the wild it has been found infecting many mammalian species‚ while in the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected‚ as well as cell cultures from mammals‚ birds‚ reptiles and insects (Carter and Saunders 175). The rabies virus is an enveloped virus in the Rhabdoviridae family with a cylindrical morphology. The structure of this virus is unique. It is a rod or bullet shaped‚ single-stranded‚ genome with negative-sense
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Word Count: 973 What is the Varicella-zoster virus? Varicella may not be a common term in every household but chickenpox on the other hand is always a worry of parents with children in elementary school. Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV). (Talaro) Chickenpox is a virus that causes an itchy rash that is contagious. Chickenpox is spread through airborne droplets or direct contact with the lesions created by chickenpox. Varicella is strictly a human disease and cannot be
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The H1N1 virus (swine influenza) is a novel infection that has not earlier been known in North America. It has recently‚ however‚ infected a number of people in the United States and Mexico. Swine flu is actually a respiratory virus of pigs which was first identified in 1918 and although historic diffusion to human beings has been sporadic‚ the infection rate in humans is intensifying at present (Barnes‚ 2008). The H1N1 virus‚ just like seasonal influenza‚ is simply spread by the minute drops
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These tissues contain cells that are useful in fighting infection. Inflammation of the tonsils can be caused by many contagious bacteria or viruses‚ including strains of streptococcus bacteria‚ adenovirus‚ influenza virus‚ Epstein-Barr virus‚ enterovirus‚ and the herpes simplex virus. One of the most frequent causes of tonsillitis is group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS)‚ which is also the cause of strep throat; it is responsible for 30% of childhood tonsillitis and 10% of adult cases
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