boxes of staples a year. The boxes cost $4 each. It costs $10 to order staples‚ and carrying costs are $0.80 per box on an annual basis. Determine: (A) the order quantity that will minimize the sum of ordering and holding boxes of staples (B) the annual cost of ordering and carrying the boxes of staples 2. . A service garage uses 120 boxes of cleaning cloths a year. The boxes cost $6 each. Ordering cost is $3 and holding cost is 10 percent of purchase cost per unit on an annual basis. Determine:
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Coursework – Cost Value Reconciliation Cost Value Reconciliation (CVR) seeks to improve cost control by collating and analysing established totals for costs and value to illustrate the margins profitability of on a project. CVR achieves this by requiring the provision of statutory accounts in addition to the Standard Statement of Accounting Practice number 9 (SSAP9) and secondly provision of all information which have direct implications on the management operations on all levels of the company
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THE COST AND SALES CONCEPT Cost is defined as a reduction in the value of an asset for the purpose of securing benefit or gain. Cost is defined in a hotel and restaurant as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. KINDS OF COSTS 1. Fixed costs – are those that are normally unaffected by changes in sales volume. They are said to have little direct relationship to the business volume because they do not change
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Cost structures Starbucks How Starbucks minimizes the impact of coffee prices I believe there are two explanations for the "irrelevance" of coffee prices. 1. Purchase contracts 2. Hedging Purchase contracts Starbucks buys most of its co ffee from suppliers through fixed-price commitments. This means that it won’t feel the effect of short-term fluctuations in coffee prices‚ as the price and quantity are fixed. I estimate that these commitments typically last around a year. Hedging
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Profit maximization of a seller in a monopolistically competitive market Consider a shop that produces bagels in a monopolistically competitive market. The graph below shows its demand curve (labeled Demand){ marginal revenue curve (labeled MR){ marginal cost curve (labeled MC)‚ and average total cost curve (labeled ATC). Assume that the company is operating in the short run. DOLLARS (Dollars per bagell Me $7.00 ~-----/ ATC $5.50 $5.00 $3.80 $2.00 Demand MR 480 690 840 QUANTITY [Bagels per
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Costs and budgets The management of costs is a very important aspect of managing financial resources. If costs are not managed effectively‚ it can lead to profits being damaged and the business potentially unable today its expense. Keeping within a budget‚ increasing income in order to cope with change and making sure that working capital is available and money and set aside for emergencies is all part of the balancing exercise. Costs managed to budget McDonald’s budget was adverse as there
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’’’Cost of living’’’ is the [[cost]] of maintaining a certain [[standard of living]]. Changes in the cost of living over time are often operationalized in a [[cost of living index]]. Cost of living calculations are also used to compare the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living in different geographic areas. Geographic differences in cost of living can be measured in terms of [[purchasing power parity]] rates. ==Cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)== Employment contracts‚ pension benefits
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the following: Profit maximizing output: *_MC=MR___Q=110________ Approximate mark up over cost ___*__There would be no mark up over cost___ In the long run‚ the price falls to $7.50. Why does this happen? *The business operates at the minimum average total cost (ATC)‚ which at $7.50 is equal to the marginal cost. Price‚ Cost What is the new profit maximizing output? _*_Minimum Average Total Cost (ATC)____Q=90_________________ $12.50 MC $10.00 ATC P=MR $7.50 $5.00 $2.50 $0.00 10 20
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...................................................................................................5 Perishable Inventory...............................................................................................................5 Low Marginal Servicing Costs................................................................................................5 Advance Sales .......................................................................................................................5 Uncertain
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single variable • Building a demand function and then a revenue function • Definitions e.g. Non-linear and dynamic functions; Decision-making under certainty‚ uncertainty and risk Practice Questions: x2 20 (a) Find an expression for the marginal revenue first using the limit definition and again using rules for differentiation. 1. Revenue function of producing and selling x units of a product is: R(x) = 20 x − R(x+h) = 20( x + h) − ( x + h) 2 ( x 2 + 2 xh + h 2 ) = 20 x + 20h
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