Opportunity Cost Scarcity of resources is one of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity necessitates trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up (the next best alternative) as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost contrasts to accounting cost in
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Assignment #1 The Economic Way of Thinking (Marginal Analysis and Opportunity Cost) 1. You are planning a trip to Ottawa‚ which is 400 miles. Except for the cost‚ you are completely indifferent between driving and taking the bus. The bus ticket costs $180. You do not know how much it would cost to drive your car‚ so you call Hertz for an estimate. The person you speak with tells you that for your make of car‚ the costs of a typical 10‚000 mile driving year are as follows: Insurance $2000
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MARGINAL COSTING AS A COSTING SYSTEM Marginal Costing is a type of flexible standard costing that separates fixed costs from proportional costs in relation to the output quantity of the objects. In particular‚ Marginal Costing is a comprehensive and sophisticated method of planning and monitoring costs based on resource drivers. Selecting the resource drivers and separating the costs into fixed and proportional components ensures that cost fluctuations caused by changes in operating levels‚ as
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Marginal Analysis and Profit Maximization Task A At the point of profit maximization within any firm‚ the aspects of both marginal revenue and marginal cost play a major role. The economically working definition of marginal revenue is termed as: the extra revenue that an additional unit of product will bring. It is the additional income from selling one more unit of a good; sometimes equal to price (MoneyTerms‚ 2005). The marginal revenue of the output of any given product ties closely in the
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Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility’ A law of economics stating that as a person increases consumption of a product - while keeping consumption of other products constant - there is a decline in the marginal utility that person derives from consuming each additional unit of that product. EXPLANATION This is the premise on which buffet-style restaurants operate. They entice you with "all you can eat‚" all the while knowing each additional plate of food provides less utility than the one before
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Business (UKM-GSB-LHDN) Cost Classification: Government Agency PROBLEM 2-56 The Department of Natural Resources is responsible for maintaining the state’s parks and forest lands‚ stocking the lakes and rivers with fish‚ and generally overseeing the protection of the environment. Several cost incurred by the agency are listed below. For each cost‚ indicate which of the following classifications best describe the cost. More than one classification may apply to the same cost item. The Answers
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Gomez’s pottery. Explicit costs: $37‚000 (= $12‚000 for the helper + $5‚000 of rent + $20‚000 of materials). Implicit costs: $22‚000 (= $4‚000 of forgone interest + $15‚000 of forgone salary + $3‚000 of entreprenuership). Accounting profit = $35‚000 (= $72‚000 of revenue - $37‚000 of explicit costs); Economic profit = $13‚000 (= $72‚000 - $37‚000 of explicit costs - $22‚000 of implicit costs). 8-4 (Key Question) Complete the following table by calculating marginal product and average product
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COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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Introduction This assignment focuses on the cost functions of the Dutch Railways. In this tutorial will be an estimated cost function developed for the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS). This cost function (expressed in Dutch Guilders) is based on the period of Year 1951 till Year 1993. This due to certain developments that made it more difficult to come to a good approach of a cost function. Based on the cost function‚ developed in this tutorial‚ there will be an answer provided on the question whether
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Q1: explicit costs and implicit costs concepts Explicit Cost Explicit cost is defined as the direct payment which is supposed to be made to others while running business. This includes the wages‚ rents or materials which are due in the contract. The explicit cost is the expense done in business which can easily be identified and accounted for in the business at any stage. The explicit cost represents the out flows of cash in clear and obvious terms. When any out flow of credit occurs in a business
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