1. Basic Concepts Product cost = Direct Labor (DL) + Direct Materials (DM) + Manufacturing Overhead (MOH) Financial accounting Managerial Accounting + Sales + Sales - COGS - Variable Costs = Gross Profit = Contribution Margin - SG&A - Fixed Costs = Net Profit = Net Profit COGS (Cost of Goods Sold) is an “inventoriable cost” ( recorded in the Balance Sheet as inventory and expensed (Income Statement) when goods are sold SG&A (Selling‚ General & Administrative) are
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Accounting Diversity Although accounting standards and practices are the same across the board in their orgin‚ the Accounting and taxation structures of different countries around the world make them vary between countries. Different countries apply different accounting practices. This accounting diversity is the reason that one company may seem profitable while another seemstobe operating at a loss. This difference between global accounting practices can head to poor business decision-making
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LEAN ACCOUNTING: BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATION "Costs do not exist to be calculated. Costs exist to be reduced.” – Taiichi Ohno‚ father of the Toyota Production System Lean Accounting-It is simply the application of lean principles to the accounting and associated functions within the enterprise. The idea is simple‚ but the application is not obvious within the framework of traditional accounting systems. Lean Accounting was born in the early 90’s through the experiences
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THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE LARRY M. WALTHER & CHRISTOPHER J. SKOUSEN DOWNLOAD FREE TEXT BOOKS AT BOOKBOON.COM The Accounting Cycle © 2009 Larry M. Walther‚ under nonexclusive license to Christopher J. Skousen & Ventus Publishing ApS. All material in this publication is copyrighted‚ and the exclusive property of Larry M. Walther or his licensors (all rights reserved). ISBN 978-87-7681-486-1 Download free books at BookBooN.com 2 Contents The Accounting Cycle Contents Part 1:
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| 45 | 64 | 39 | | 103 | 142 | B+ | HINDI | 20 | 61 | 81 | 19 | -- | 80 | 99 | 39 | -- | 141 | 180 | A+ | BUSINESS STUDIES WITH FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT | 18 | 38 | 56 | 18 | -- | 51 | 69 | 36 | -- | 89 | 125 | B | ACCOUNTANCY WITH COMPUTER ACCOUNTING | 19 | 46 | 65 | 19 | 39 | 47 | 105 | 38 | 39 | 93 | 170 | A | ECONOMICS | 19 | 48 | 67 | 19 | -- | 44 | 63 | 38 | -- | 92 | 130 | B | MATHEMATICS | 18 | 26 | 44 | 19 | -- | 35 | 54 | 37 | -- | 61 | 98 | C | Abbreviations:CE-Continuous Evaluation
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Accounting Principles The general rules and concepts that govern the Accounting filed are referred to as the Principles of Accounting. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) using the groundwork of principles and guidelines has formulated these rules. They lay the foundation for sound and ethical accounting practices. The GAAP (Generally accepted accounting principles or "GAAP") consists of three important sets of rules: • The underlying accounting principles • The rules and standards
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Usefulness Theory 5 Critical Accounting Theory and Critical Theory 6 System-Oriented Theories 7 Open System Theories 8 Behavioral Decision Theory 9 Legitimacy Theory 10 Political Economy Theory 11 Institutional Theory 12 Stakeholder Theory 13 Agency Theory 14 Normative Theory 15 Public Interest Theory 16 Capture Theory 17 Economic Interest Theory/Private Interest Theory 17 Positive Accounting Theory 18 Chambers ’ Theory of Accounting 19 Trickle Down theory
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ECO535 TUTORIAL 3 –Chapter 4 –HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT TRUE & FALSE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS 1. General training will be paid for by the employee in the form of a reduced wage Specific training reduces the worker’s value to the firm‚ because the worker’s wage rate would have to rise . 2. Specific training reduces the worker’s value to the firm‚ because the worker’s wage rate would have to rise . 3. A worker who has obtained specific training is more likely to establish a
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There are many ways to segment markets‚ but the most effective approach for Tesla would be to use a concentrated segmentation strategy. Tesla should not try to appeal to everyone by engaging in a mass marketing campaign. A concentrated segmentation strategy will allow Tesla to employ its limited resources more efficiently. Geographic segmentation is used when a product satisfies a customer’s want or need that is specific to a region. Tesla can use a geographic segmentation because gas prices
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ACCOUNTING THEORIES 1. What is the difference between a positive theory of accounting and a normative theory of accounting? 2. What do we mean when we say that ‘theories are abstractions of reality’? Do you agree that theories of accounting are necessarily abstractions of reality? 3. Identify and explain 5 different criteria we might use to establish a theory as being suitable for use in our research. 4. Is the study of financial accounting theory a waste of time for accounting
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