According to wikipedia‚ a market may be of a variety of different systems‚ institutions‚ procedures‚ social relations and infrastructures whereby persons trade and goods and services are exchanged‚ forming part of the economy. The basic concept of market is any structure that allows the exchange of goods‚ services and information. In market there are the buyers and the sellers. Markets vary. There are financial markets‚ prediction markets‚ and so on. Market can be seen in two ways: as a study of
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“Every event‚ no matter how remote or long ago‚ echoes across all other events.” (Mandelbrot‚ 2004) Modern financial implications perceive every action/reaction on markets as a result/cause of more complex‚ mutually dependent events. Studies of these relations began with the simplest ‘random walk’ hypothesis stating that price reactions are unforecastable. It was supported by ‘martingale’ stochastic process. Theoretically it is not possible to fully exist‚ as there would be no place for speculation
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There are three types of market efficiency: Ø - when prices are determined in a way that equates the marginal rates of return (adjusted for risk) for all producers and savers‚ market is said to be allocationally efficient; Ø - when the cost of transfering funds is “reasonable”‚ market is said to be operationally efficient; Ø - when prices fully reflect all available information‚ market is said to be informationally efficient. Bachelier (1900): In the opening paragraph of his
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UNIT 8 CAPITAL MARKET I : NEW ISSUES MARKET Structur 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 . . Objectives Introduction ‚Primary Market and Secondary Market ’Idethods of Floatation of New Issues 8.3.1 Public Issue 8.3.2 Rights Issue 8.3.3 Private Placement 8.4 Entry Norms for New Issues 8.5 Fixation of Premium 8.5.1 Book Building Process 8.6 Reforms in Primary Capital Market 8.7 Recent Trends in New Issues Market in India 8.8 Let U s Sum Up 8.9 Key Words 8.10 Some Useful Books 8.1 1 Answers/Hints to Check Your Progress
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strategies target children: because of the persuasive power children have over their parents‚ and because they simply are easier to manipulate. At this point we have to ask ourselves: is it ethical to market to children? Should children be protected from being marketed to? In my opinion‚ it is unethical to market to children and to exploit them as consumers from such an early age on. What makes children special is their ‘pure’ way of thinking: they are still untouched by everyday preoccupations and
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Weak-Form Efficiency of The GCC Markets Applying Selected Statistical Tests Rengasamy Elango‚ Mohammed Ibrahim Hussein This paper tests for market efficiency across the seven stock markets in the GCC (Gulf Co-operation Council) countries. The GCC countries‚ of late‚ have been striving to strengthen their capital markets by introducing various innovative changes in relation to listing‚ regulatory‚ trading and settlement norms in order to improve transparency and informational efficiency. Using daily
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which has more solid empirical evidence supporting it than the Efficient Market Hypothesis.” The term ‘Efficient Market Hypothesis’ (EMH) is concerned with the behavior of prices in asset markets. It was initially applied to the stock market‚ but the concept was soon generalized to other asset markets. EMH has also been a subject of debate since its inception in the 1960s. INTRODUCTION This essay critically discusses’ A market is efficient with respect to a particular set of information if it is
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An efficient capital market is one in which stock prices fully reflect available information. Professor Andrei Shleifer has suggested three conditions lead to market efficiency. (1)rationality‚ (2)independent deviations from rationality‚ and (3)arbitrage. This essay will examine investors’ behavioral biases and then discuss the behavioral and empirical challenges to market efficiency. In the attached article‚ James Montier suggested three behavioral biases that investors had. (1) illusion of control
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1. What is capital-market efficiency? What are its implications for investment performance in general? What are the implications for fund managers‚ if the market exhibits characteristics of strong‚ semi-strong‚ or weak efficiency? Capital-market efficiency evolved from the PhD in the 1960s dissertation by Eugene Fama. The Efficient Market Hypothesis‚ states that at any given time and in a liquid market‚ the prices of securities fully reflect all the available information. EMH exists to varying degrees
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Use the distinction between private goods and public goods to determine whether the following should be produced (or provided) through the market system (private) or provided by government (public) or maybe both. Remember: This is an ONLINE assignment. A. Security (police protection and jails) Creating a safe and secure society and protecting people against major threats to their welfare are important functions of government. This was clear even to the creators of the Constitution‚ who listed
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