Alternative fuels‚ also known as non- renewable sources‚ are substances that can be used as fuels‚ other than conventional fuels. Conventional fuels include: fossil fuels (petroleum (oil)‚ coal‚ propane‚ and natural gas)‚ and nuclear materials such as uranium. [ 1] The fuels we use now are finite‚ meaning they have a limited life expectancy. This along with the toxic waste they produce has made environmentalist and government officials alike take precautionary steps so that we do not
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Fossil Fuels Have you ever thought about where your electricity comes from? What the petroleum your car runs on is made of? What produces all the energy you see? Coal‚ oil‚ and natural gas make up the list of major fossil fuels. Almost all energy produced in the United States comes from burning these highly important fuels. That energy powers almost all of our electricity and all of our transportation. We as the people of this very planet are currently in a crisis because fossil fuels are non-renewable;
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single or multivalued mappings is obtained as a corollary of Nash equilibrium existence in finitely many players games. ı Copyright © 2006 Juan Pablo Torres-Mart´nez. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License‚ which permits unrestricted use‚ distribution‚ and reproduction in any medium‚ provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Introduction In game theory‚ the existence of equilibrium was uniformly obtained by the application of a fixed point theorem
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CHM 096 TUTORIAL 2 (Chemical Equilibrium) Jan 2013 1. Write the equilibrium constant expression‚ Kc‚ for each of the following reactions: a) b) c) d) e) f) 2NO(g) + O2(g) ⇄ 2NO2(g) The decomposition of solid potassium chlorate to solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas. 4HCl(g) + O2(g) ⇄ 2H2O(g) + 2Cl2(g) 2NO2(g) + 7H2(g) ⇄ 4H2O(l) + 2NH3(g) H2O(g) + C(s) ⇄ CO(g) + H2(g) The reduction of solid copper (II) oxide with hydrogen gas to produce copper metal and water at o 500 C. 2H2(g) + O2(g)
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Chemical equilibrium is the point at which the concentrations of reactants and products do not change with time. It would appear as if the reaction has stopped‚ but in fact‚ the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal‚ causing the reactants and products to be created at the same rate. This can be expressed mathematically in the form of the equilibrium constant. The following is the general equation for a reversible chemical reaction: aA+bB →cC+dD
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Introduction: Chemical equilibrium is when the concentrations of the reactants and products have reached a state where reactions occurring in one direction are at the same rate of reactions occurring in the opposite direction. This process‚ called dynamic equilibrium‚ is the main subject of Le Chatelier’s Principle. Le Chatelier pointed out that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a stress that momentarily causes the system to be not in equilibrium‚ a spontaneous change will occur to
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at equilibrium 2. To observe shifts in equilibrium concentrations as stresses are applied to the systems. 3. To observe a shift in equilibrium concentrations associated with changes in temperature. 4. To explain the observations obtained by applying Le Chatelier’s principle. Materials Refer to page 209 of Heath Chemistry Laboratory Experiments. Procedure Refer to pages 209 – 211 of Heath Chemistry Laboratory Experiments. Data and Observations Part I: Equilibrium Involving
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Biofuels Biofuels are Fuels made from Biomass Biofuels are made from plants‚animals‚ or their waste products. Here I have listed three examples of biofuels beneath. 1 Micro-organisms decompose waste materials to produce biogas. 2 Biogas is usually about 70% methane and somewhere between 20 and 30 % carbon dioxide 3 the way we use it to generate energy is to burn it to heat up water which will then turn a turbine to produce electricity. It is also heard of to heat the water to steam which
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Alternatives to Destruction Gas prices got you down? They should. However‚ the rise in petroleum prices is the least of my worries. Our nation ’s supply of fossil fuels is running out and we ’re doing more damage to our environment than humanly reversible. Now it ’s time for the good news‚ there are alternatives and loads of them. Legislation from federal and state governments along with biofuels are constantly being introduced and researched to the betterment of the environment. These alternatives
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before and after mixing. The data was recorded and is included in tables. The second half of the experiment involves the mixing of ice and liquid water. Water was weighed and cooled then mixed with an amount of ice that was also weighed. The temperature before and after mixing was recorded and included in tables. When the experiments were completed analysis was performed using the laws of thermodynamics. The data collected was used in equations to find theoretical values for final equilibrium temperature
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