chapter Eleven monopolistic competition and oligopoly CHAPTER OVERVIEW Pure competition and pure monopoly are the exceptions‚ not the rule‚ in the U.S. economy. In this chapter‚ the two market structures that fall between the extremes are discussed. Monopolistic competition contains a considerable amount of competition mixed with a small dose of monopoly power. Oligopoly‚ in contrast‚ implies a blend of greater monopoly power and less competition. First‚ monopolistic competition is defined
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Maximizing Profits in Market Structures The subject matter of competitive markets can be complex with many extraneous details that can make all the difference between being a perfect competition‚ monopolistic competition‚ a monopoly‚ or an oligopoly. Each of these types of markets have specific characteristics and economic market effects that include entry barriers‚ price and output determination to produce the most profits for any given business or company. Even though these differences may
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Questions on Market Structure Section A – Multiple Choice Q1 Which market model has the least number of firms? (a) Monopolistic competition (b) Perfect competition (c) Monopoly (d) Oligopoly Q2 Perfect competitive firms maximize: (a) Total profits by producing where price exceeds average total cost by the greatest amount (b) Per unit profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost (c) Total profits by producing where price equals marginal cost (why not MC=MR?) d) Market share by producing
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Product Types : Members of an oligopoly provide similar products‚ perhaps with no distinction at all (eg raw materials such as metals and foodstuffs) or perhaps with distinction/branding but very similar functionality (eg automobike) Air services. • A few large firms dominate the market‚ who between them control most of the market : We’ve spoken before about measuring markets in terms of the total share owned by four and sometimes eight companies‚ but oligopolies can sometimes have as many
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Case 7.4 Oligopoly or Monopolistic Competition Big firms and little firms: the case of bakeries Despite barriers to entry of other large-scale firms‚ many oligopolies face competition at the margin from many small firms. The reason for this is that the small firms often produce a specialist product or serve a local market. These small firms are in a position somewhat like monopolistic competition: they produce a differentiated product and face few if any entry barriers themselves. A good example
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Three types of Market Structure Market structure can be described in terms of how much competition a seller has and the proportion of the market share they hold. Monopoly – one person or company dominates provision of a particular product or service‚ in the absence of competitors. Consumers do not have a choice for provision of the product in question. A monopoly can ‘call the shots’ on their product (price‚ availability etc.) as there is no alternative on offer to consumers. Monopolists
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Differentiating Between Market Structures To understand what the difference is between the types of market structures first a person must comprehend exactly how supply and demand affects private goods‚ monopolies‚ common resources‚ and the public. These structures affect directly how the labor market equilibrium is established. Many businesses have this type of market structure‚ which affects indirectly and directly labor supply and demand. Wal-mart is a great example of a business that has
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In a world where most retailers are categorized as having a monopolistic competition market structure‚ Wal-Mart Stores Inc. appears to have an oligopoly market structure. Nevertheless‚ because there are far too many retailers to deal with‚ then they also have a monopolistic competition market structure. Regardless‚ Wal-Mart would rather have it this way because it has not hurt them at all by having competition. When Wal-Mart Stores Inc. opened its doors to their first discount store in 1962‚ Sam
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Monopoly 1. Types of market structure 2. The diamond market 3. Monopoly pricing 4. Why do monopolies exist? 5. The social cost of monopoly power 6. Government regulation 7. Price discrimination • We are going to cover sections 10.1-10.4‚ sections 11.1-11.2‚ and for all practical purposes skip chapter 12. • Ben Friedman will speak in class on March 23 on his book The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth 1 3 2 Announcements Types of Market Structure In the real world there is a mind-boggling
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Market Structure Of Semiconductor Industry Quick Reference to Basic Market Structure Market Structure Seller Entry Barriers Seller Number Buyer Number Type of Product Perfect Competition No Many Many Identical Monopolistic Competiton No Many Many Differentiated Oligopoly Yes Few Many Either identical or differentiated Monopoly Yes One Many Unique Monopsony No Many One Either identical or differentiated Concentration Ratios The concentration ratio indicates whether an industry is comprised of a
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