of Company Gap‚ Inc. is an apparel retailer consisting of five brands: Gap‚ Banana Republic‚ Old Navy‚ Piperlime and Athleta. The Gap was founded in the early 1970’s for a period sold Levi Strauss & Co. blue jeans. Gap entered the international markets in the late 1980’s and reached the peak of its success in the 1990’s. Gap was the largest pure apparel company in the world‚ with a growing international empire and significant brand recognition for each of its companies. However Gap’s period of
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The role of Positioning for a business organization Nowdays‚ in the business world it is important to know of every aspect that an organization is going to be into. Market positioning is one of the important roles for advertising and promotion and so do in marketing. It is where an organization needs to be aware of‚ whether they should position themselves in other related perhaps a more challenging market. According to Belch & Belch (2009‚ p.56)‚ positioning is defined as “the art and science
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Oregon. The company was founded in 1962 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bower man and Philip Knight‚ and officially became Nike‚ Inc. in 1978. The company takes its name from Nike‚ the Greek goddess of victory. Nike markets its products under its own brand as well as Nike Golf‚ Nike Pro‚ Nike+‚ Air Jordan‚ Nike Skateboarding‚ Team Starter‚ and subsidiaries including Cole Haan‚ Hurley International‚ Umbro and Converse. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey (later renamed Nike Bauer) between 1995 and 2008. In addition
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Brand Knowledge Structure and Brand Elements What is Brand Awareness? Recognition versus recall – Brand versus situation cues Awareness depth versus breath – Brand versus situation linkages Why is brand awareness important? A necessary condition for inclusion in the set of brands being considered for purchase – A sufficient condition for choice in low-involvement decision settings – Influences the nature and strength of association – Brand Image Brand Perceptions through Associations
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SEGMENTATION – TARGETING – POSITIONING Fragmentation of mass markets segments Consumers: variety of needs & preferences Marketers: offer variety of choices via multitude of marketing offerings Marketing segmentation: Needs Action Linking market needs to an org’s marketing program Market needs Segmentation/Targeting MM A market segment: Group of consumers with homogenous profile & common needs will similarly respond to a marketing program Segmentation – targeting – positioning 1 Using market-product
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Brand Extensions Brand extension is a marketing strategy according to which a company marketing a product or a service launches a new offering (product or service) that is related to the one of the existing brands of the company‚ but offers different benefits and/or targets a different segment. Organizations use this strategy to increase and leverage upon their brand equity. When a firm is introducing a new product‚ it has the following 3 choices on branding: 1. Developing a new brand for the
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Text 6. “STP (What is segmentation‚ targeting and positioning)?” Pre-reading discussion: 1. Why has segmentation become one of the leading concepts in marketing? 2. Can STP process be separated or is it a three-step inseparable process? 3. Can positioning be undertaken before targeting? 4. Do you know marketers well-known or even famous for their ideas about STP? Smith (1957) provided an early definition of segmentation: “Segmentation is based on the observation of evolution in demand
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Positioning Strategies in Business Markets An executive summary for managers and executive readers can be found at the end of this article Positioning strategies in business markets Stavros P. Kalafatis Markos H. Tsogas Charles Blankson Professor of Business Marketing‚ Kingston Business School‚ Kingston-upon-Thames‚ Surrey‚ UK Senior Lecturer‚ Kingston Business School‚ Kingston-upon-Thames‚ Surrey‚ UK Assistant Professor‚ Grand Valley State University‚ Allendale‚ Michigan‚ USA Keywords
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Journal of Consumer Marketing Emerald Article: Brand communities for mainstream brands: the example of the Yamaha R1 brand community Reto Felix Article information: To cite this document: Reto Felix‚ (2012)‚"Brand communities for mainstream brands: the example of the Yamaha R1 brand community"‚ Journal of Consumer Marketing‚ Vol. 29 Iss: 3 pp. 225 - 232 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363761211221756 Downloaded on: 08-10-2012 References: This document contains references
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Customer Equity Company* In recent years packaging has developed well beyond its original function as merely a means of product protection and now plays a key marketing role in developing on shelf appeal‚ providing product information and establishing brand image and awareness. As packaging’s role in the marketing mix gains momentum‚ so research into this arena becomes increasingly important. Given the potential for packaging to successfully achieve marketing goals; does research into packaging truly
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