NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISIONS OF NEW FIRMS Alicia M. Robb David T. Robinson Working Paper 16272 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16272 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge‚ MA 02138 August 2010 The authors are grateful to the Kauffman Foundation for generous financial support. Malcolm Baker‚ Thomas Hellmann‚ Antoinette Schoar‚ Ivo Welch‚ and seminar participants at the Kauffman/Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank Entrepreneurial Finance
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CHAPTER 13 CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND LEVERAGE (Difficulty: E = Easy‚ M = Medium‚ and T = Tough) Multiple Choice: Conceptual Easy: Business risk Answer: c Diff: E [i]. A decrease in the debt ratio will generally have no effect on . a. Financial risk. b. Total risk. c. Business risk. d. Market risk. e. None of the above is correct. (It will affect each type of risk above.) Business risk Answer: d Diff: E [ii]. Business risk
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the leading weight loss service provider by assisting individuals to lose weight and sustain a healthy lifestyle. II. VISION STATEMENT Weight Watchers International will be chosen by all individuals that have a goal of improving their life through healthy living. Weight Watchers will be easily accessible for all individuals desiring to improve their lifestyle and will receive exceptional service. Services will be recognized as a superior value. III. APPARENT PROBLEM Weight Watchers is facing
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Marriott adheres by the laws in place to protect the employee‚ the employer‚ and the organization. As a result of legal decisions and administered laws‚ Marriott follows the employment guidelines established to produce better employee-employer relationships. The concept of equal employment opportunity has come a long way since the 1960s. Current and future business professionals continue the efforts in the workforce. An organization such as the Marriott‚ respect the Civil Rights Act which first
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INTRODUCTION 1.0 CHAPTER OVERVIEW Capital plays an important role in business. Every business enterprise‚ whether big‚ medium or small‚ manufacturing‚ services or industrial‚ needs capital to carry on its operations smoothly and to achieve its targets organization’s objective. Capital Structure means how an organization or company manage their capital or obtain financial resources to manage their business well. Business adopts different types of capital structures in order to meet the internal needs
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at 11.3% to $2.16 per share‚ return of $15.6 to shareholders through share buybacks and strong dividends. About 43.8% of the total capital of the company comes from debt and the remaining comes from equity. The cost of the different components of its capital structure are – debt: 2.92% (after-tax cost)‚ and equity: 9.49%. The WACC is 6.61%‚ based on the capital structure outlined. The effective tax rate is 35.4%. AT&T has had dividend growth for the last 25 years. The dividend growth this year was
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rP os t 9-201-082 REV: MARCH 4‚ 2002 op yo The Loewen Group‚ Inc. (Abridged) In March 1999‚ John Lacey and the management team at the Loewen Group‚ Inc.‚ had to decide what course of action to take in light of the company’s imminent financial difficulties. On January 22‚ 1999‚ Lacey‚ a renowned turnaround specialist‚ was appointed chairman of Loewen‚ the second largest death care company in North America. Headquartered in Burnaby‚ British Columbia‚ Loewen owned over 1‚100 funeral
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------------------------------------------------- Chapter 15 Capital Structure Decisions ------------------------------------------------- ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 15-1 a. Capital structure is the manner in which a firm’s assets are financed; that is‚ the right-hand side of the balance sheet. Capital structure is normally expressed as the percentage of each type of capital used by the firm--debt‚ preferred stock‚ and common equity. Business risk is the risk
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Employers are also developing performance metrics to ensure that their programs do not discriminate‚ and all employees have opportunity to enhance their skills to ensure that the organization functions efficiently and effectively. Many organizations‚ Marriott International in particular‚ have implemented self paced development programs to enhance job performance. Marriott’s organizational culture is the foundation upon which employees internalize values‚ and norms that guide towards expected standards
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results have been possible through the policies and the indispensable role of the policy makers‚ i.e. management who have taken State Bank of India to become one of the most prestigious & promising banks of India. The policies pertaining to Capital Structure & Dividend policy play a major role in the successful and efficient working of the bank. The objectives of the bank are the criteria for a bank to frame its policies. And it is very much clear that the objectives and the policies at SBI go
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