Financial Management Unit – 4 Capital Structure Capital Structure • It refers to the kinds of securities and the proportionate amounts that make up capitalization. • A decision about the proportion among the three types of securities viz.‚ Equity shares‚ Pref. Shares and Debentures refers to the Capital Structure of an enterprise. What is “Capital Structure”? • Definition The capital structure of a firm is the mix of different securities issued by the firm to finance its operations
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The Capital Structure of Chinese Companies 1. Introduction Capital structure is considered as a way to determine how a corporation financing its assets by issuing debt or equity. If the firm is entirely financed by the common equity‚ then it is so called an unlevered firmed‚ and its whole cash flow belong to its stockholders. If the firm financed both debt and equity‚ then it is so called a levered firm‚ and its cash flow will first goes to debt holders and then to stockholders. According to Brealey
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CAPITAL STRUCTURE: MEANING: - Capital structure of a firm is a reflection of the overall investment and financing strategy of the firm. - Capital structure can be of various kinds as described below: ▪ Horizontal capital structure: the firm has zero debt component in the structure mix. Expansion of the firm takes through equity or retained earnings only. ▪ Vertical capital structure: the base of the structure is formed by a small amount
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overhead costs to the products shows how profitable the products are after deducting all cost. However‚ it is important to find the appropriate method of overhead cost allocation. In Sippican’s case the traditional accounting method is used‚ which does not reflect the real resource usage of the different product lines. The correct method in this case would be to apply the time-driven ABC approach for cost allocation. Such method apart from showing the actual profitability after all cost deductions
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Capital Budgeting Introduction Capital budgeting decisions are the most important investment decisions made by management. The objective of these decisions is to select investments in real assets that will increase the value of the firm. (Kidwell and Parrino‚ 2009) Project Classification Types * Replacement projects are expenditures necessary to replace worn-out or damaged equipment. * Cost reduction projects include expenditures to replace serviceable but obsolete plant and equipment
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Capital Expenditure vs Working Capital Capital expenditures are money spent by a company to acquire long-term assets. It is neither for short-term gain nor can be easily translated into cash. These investments are inevitable to ensure the continuing business operations and also for future expansion of the company. Types of Capital Expenditures Typically‚ capital expenditure refers to the expenses that a company incurred to purchase tangible fixed assets and intangible assets. Additionally
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Capital Budgeting Introduction Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating and selecting long-term investments that are consistent with the firm’s goal of maximizing owner wealth. A firm using capital budgeting‚ their goal is to see if there fixed income will cover itself for profit. Fixed incomes are things such as land‚ plant and equipment. When a firm using a machine to produce its good or service. They most of the time what the machine to produce the amount that they paid for the machine
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Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2011) defines capital punishment as punishment by death for a crime. There are many factors that go into the process of capital punishment and it must start with a crime followed by an arrest‚ trial‚ conviction‚ appeals process and ultimately the execution of the individual. Through the many stages of the process there numerous individuals who are affected‚ including the criminal and their family‚ the victim and their family‚ jury‚ judge‚ witnesses and administrators
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Multinational corporations have existed since the beginning of overseas trade. They have remained a part of the business scene throughout history‚ entering their modern form in the 17th and 18th centuries with the creation of large‚ European-based monopolistic concerns such as the British East India Company during the age of colonization. Multinational concerns were viewed at that time as agents of civilization and played a pivotal role in the commercial and industrial development of Asia‚ South
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INTRODUCTION Venture capital‚ a financial innovation of the twentieth century‚ is a long-term liquid investment‚ which can be in the form of equity‚ quasi-equity and sometimes debt in new and high-risk ventures. Venture capital became better known after the famous legend of Apple Computers‚ which started out in the US in 1977 with the capital firm‚ Arthur Rock & Co. Apple Computers then made it to the Fortune 500 and Arthur Rock & Co. attained height in Venture capital industry. However the success
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