The labour theory of value can be traced back to writings in 1662‚ Treatise of Taxes written by Sir William Petty. However it seems to be Karl Marx who has expanded these ideas and made it a well-known theory. Marx argues that labour equals power (<http//enwikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_theory_of_value>‚ March 2012). A commodity gains its value from labour power. This value is the ‘socially necessary labour time needed to produce it’. The value on top of this is known as ‘surplus value’ also known
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Course: Introduction to Sociology Code: SSCI200 Instructor’s Name: Dr. Jamal Quadoura Topic: Karl Marx Theory of Religion Karl Marx “Religion is the sigh of the exploited creature‚ the heart of a heartless world‚ just as it is the spirit of a spiritless situation. It is the opium of the people.” Marx’s theory states that religion was created to help control the non-superior class. Karl Marx viewed religion as a social control used by the bourgeoisie to keep the proletariat to maintain
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names that are repeatedly mentioned in sociological theory are Karl Marx and Max Weber. In some ways these two intellectuals were similar in the way they looked at society. There are also some striking differences. In order to compare and contrast these two individuals it is necessary to look at each of their ideas. Then a comparison of their views can be illustrated followed by examples of how their perspectives differ from each other. Karl Marx was born in Trier‚ Germany in 1818. He came from
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Why is it difficult for the public to accurately make judgments about efficiency and waste in bureaucracies given the political nature of the portrayal of bureaucracy in general? Public opinion is exactly what it lends itself to be. The difficulty exists with public opinion about how the bureaucracy works is mainly due to the fact that the average person is not informed. This paper elaborates on that fact. It is easy for the public to say that they are not happy with government spending‚ assignments
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Karl Marx and the conflict theory Karl Marx was a socialist who developed a conflict theory about the struggle between the lower class proletariat and the higher class capitalist bourgeoisie of an industrial society. His theory was a conflict view of a modem ‘nineteenth century’ society. There are two classes of the ‘modern’ society: The bourgeoisie‚ Owners of factory buildings and have the means of production. They have many workers producing items for trade as a source of income and
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ABSTRACT Bureaucracy is all about the rules and regulations to manage a particular activity in the organization. This paper is about how bureaucracy used in old organizations and how it affected the processes of new organizations. It explains how bureaucracy is not applicable in today’s business environment because of many facts. As years went through there was a drastic change in the operations of the organisation. The concern moved from organization to customer service‚ so the bureaucratic organizations
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What is bureaucracy? The word "bureaucracy" stems from the word "bureau"‚ used from the early 18th century in Western Europe not just to refer to a writing desk‚ but to an office‚ i.e. a workplace‚ where officials worked. 1. A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. 2. A state or organization governed or managed according to such a system. 3. An administrative or social system that relies on a set
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A STUDY ON WEBER’S THEORY OF ORGANIZATION AND BUREAUCRACY A Research Project Submitted to Institute of Law Nirma University For continuous evaluation in the subject of SOCIOLOGY [2BAL 305] Semester III [Academic Year 2012- 2013] UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Prof. (Dr.) Bankim Nongthombam Singh Institute of Law Nirma University RESEARCHER KRATI JOSHI
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BUREAUCRACY The word bureaucracy has different meanings to different people. To most people it is negative‚ while to some it is positive. The negative image of bureaucracy comes primarily from the rules and routines often referred to as red tapes‚ that is established by the organizations However most people believe that bureaucrats are insensitive‚ uncaring‚ unthinking‚ aloof‚ unimaginative‚ arrogant and dull. They also believe that bureaucrats are people who have lost any interest in addressing
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Bureaucracy‚ a theory introduced by Max Weber‚ is defined as being a procedure created to promote efficiency and effectiveness in an organisation. Most early theories were also concerned with the modes of creating high levels of efficiency and effectiveness. It is suggested that Max Weber ’s theory of bureaucracy is most relevant and his concerns still echo in organisations today. This review is an attempt to validate this statement. In this paper‚ firstly‚ I will mainly look at some of the ideas
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