In April 1917‚ a month after the Romanov Dynasty in Russia effectively ended with the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II‚ Vladimir Ilich Lenin returned to Russia from exile with a formidable revolutionary mentality. The Tsar’s abdication prompted a period of dual power between select members of the defunct fourth Duma‚ now termed the Provisional Government‚ and the newly formed Petrograd Soviet. This arrangement offered a sense of political stability‚ a stability that was detrimental to Lenin’s quest
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“The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas‚ i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society‚ is at the same time its ruling intellectual force.” (K. Marx and F. Engels. (1998) “Ruling Class and Ruling Ideas”. In J. Storey. (ed.). Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader Harlow‚ Essex: Pearson‚ 191.) Discuss the notions of ideology and/or false consciousness. Ideology is something that has and will be always in everyone’s life. This is a part of human
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when they arrived in Russia they were edited and brought into circulation. Sadly Gramsci’s position as a revolutionary communist is often downplayed by many of his modern supporters who tend to use him as a point of departure on their path to post-Marxism. They do this by addressing Gramsci as a left wing thinker‚ but removed from his revolutionary Marxist context‚ thus rendering him safe and palatable for the academic community. He is considered chiefly as a theoretician of the super structure – “already
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The Definition of family is "A group consisting of parents and children living in a household". However this definition fails to recognise the great variability in families such as childfree couple’s single-parent families and homosexual partners. The family is seen to support society with four vital functions; economic‚ reproductive‚ educational and sexual. The family is seen as a building block that affects society as opposed to an enslaved‚ misinformed family unit that is introverted. Within
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manages to hold onto their power during struggle.” (“Marx’s”) Virtually this means that the wealthy wanted to maintain their power with wealth‚ and the “working class” was to remain working never to better them. Marx’s also created a system he called Marxism. This is a revolutionary movement that argued that all events in history are caused by economic forces. Marx believed that capitalism would produce internal tension which in
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The Marxist view of the world is that society is based upon class conflict; created by Karl Marx this ideology argues that society is split into 2 separate classes the upper class known as the Bourgeoisie and the lower/working class called the Proletariat. In a capitalist society the Bourgeoisie own the means of productions therefore exploiting the lower classes by forcing them to work manual jobs with little pay. However the Proletariat is lured in a false class consciousness; meaning that they
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IDEALIST VS MATERIALIST ’S CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is complex and can be defined in various ways. The difficulty in defining the term ‘culture’ can be seen from the problem and the interest of sociology of culture (Williams‚ 1981). Culture can be said as problematic as the term ‘culture’ cannot be used to define everything that the society do. The difficulty. Despite the complexity of the term‚ it can be most usefully seen from two positions; the idealist and materialist‚ which are the results
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Introduction In his discussion of Wittgenstein‚ James C. Edwards writes that there is no such thing as a formula that applies itself‚ "one whose intrinsic meaning is independent of a conventional‚ public practice" (AL 163). The similar point can be made‚ and probably with less risk of controversy‚ that the significance of a theory will never be independent of the way people interpret that theory and respond to it. This paper evaluates how one might respond to Cornel West ’s "Afro-American critical
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Throughout human history countless philosophers have risen with what they thought to be the best form of government for society as a whole. Karl Marx may be the most influential philosopher in Russian history. According to The Free Dictionary‚ Marxism is the concept that “class struggle plays a central role in understanding society’s allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society”. With this theory‚ Marx had a great impact on
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sociologists have took the middle ground‚ and argue that religion can act as both as conservative force‚ and an initiator of change. The view that religion acts as a conservative force stems from the structuralist theories of Functionalism and Marxism. Both see religion as facilitating the existence of society in its current form‚ although their views do differ substantially. For the Functionalist Emile Durkheim‚ religion‚ like many other social institutions‚ acts in the same way as one of the
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