A. Identify and briefly explain three functions of religion (9 marks) Marxism believes it acts as the ‘opium for the exploited working class people’. Religion would cushion the pain of oppression and exploitation in unequal societies such as in a capitalist society. It legitimized and maintained the power of the ruling class – helps to maintain the status quo by preventing the less powerful from changing things. Feminists see religion as a conservative force because it acts as an ideology that legitimates
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conflict over the struggle of power. This way of thinking is derived from Karl Marx’s‚ who saw society as being split into different groups all competing for the same social and economic resources. Marxism believes in class inequality between different classes in the capitalist system as opposed to Neo-Marxism which believes that different groups compete against each other within the same class. Marx believed that capitalism would eventually lead to internal tensions leading to its own destruction. He
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everyone would work together for the good of the community. Thus‚ the society would be classless and stateless (Heilbroner 157). Marx’s theories about society‚ economics‚ and politics‚ commonly known as Marxism‚ say that all societies progress through the dialectic of class struggle. His theory of Marxism had three component parts: dialectical materialism‚ historical materialism‚ and Marxist economics (Sewell). It is a conflict between an ownership class‚ which controls production and a lower class which
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create a classless society. Karl Marx believed this could only happen in an industrialized society. Once it became apparent that the working class would not rise above‚ Lenin intervened and confirmed Marxism obsolete in Russia. Since the late 1920’s the Chinese Communist Party has altered Marxism in China. It became a peasant party with an anti-Marxist petty-bourgeois viewpoint and through all the fluctuations of the left and right turns of world Stalinism‚ it kept a utopian and reactionary perspective;
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Lenin was a communist leader and a politician. Lenin rose to power in 1917 and was the premier of the newly formed USSR from 1922 to 1924. He was a profound follower of the Karl Marx and his own contributions to Marxism led to the formation of a new ideology that was later labeled as Marxism-Leninism. Lenin was credited for ending the rule of the tsar in Russia as Imperial Russia was drowned in a bloody Bolshevik revolution of 1917. Lenin is also referred to as the father figure; a man who tried with
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“distances himself from Marxism” by using the term “spoliation‚” and by ascribing spoliation to the dominant class’s control of the state machine. (Hirschman 1991: 55) Clearly‚ Hirschman has not the slightest suspicion that Pareto was presenting‚ in the customary terminology‚ a liberal analysis that goes back to the first decades of the nineteenth century. Hirschman’s blunder is perhaps understandable if not excusable. Today few ideas are as closely associated with Marxism as the concepts of class
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culture‚ but also remain stratified and be unequal. Stratification is the separation of humans into hierarchies. Conflict Sociologists argue that there is a conflict in society due to different groups having different interests. Theories such as Marxism and feminism‚ as mentioned in Item B‚ are both conflict theories that argue differently the causality of conflict. This conflict therefore leads to inequality. Whereas consensus theories‚ such as functionalism‚ view society as a structure caused by
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socio-economic formations can be explained scientifically in terms of their ability or inability to develop the means of production‚ and thereby to push forward the horizons of human culture‚ and increase the domination of humankind over nature. Marxism maintains that the development of human society over millions of years represents progress‚ but that this has never taken place in a straight line. The basic premise of historical materialism is that the ultimate source of human development is the
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not simply to interpret but to change the world" (CLC 462). This intent is similar to that of the feminist genre in that both camps are seeking to change the way we understand the world and to eventually change the world itself. Feminism and Marxism are further intertwined if you consider the female sex as a social class of its own. In my analysis of Walt Whitman ’s poem‚ I Hear America Singing‚ I
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because the ruling class control the state‚ they make and enforce laws in their own interests‚ criminalising the working class while escaping punishment for their corporate crimes. Traditional Marxism is criticised for ignoring non-class inequalities that affect crime and for determinism whereas neo-Marxism is less deterministic and sees crime as a conscious and meaningful choice with a political move- a rebellion against capitalism. Traditional Marxist view of crime Based on three main elements:
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