sociologists have took the middle ground‚ and argue that religion can act as both as conservative force‚ and an initiator of change. The view that religion acts as a conservative force stems from the structuralist theories of Functionalism and Marxism. Both see religion as facilitating the existence of society in its current form‚ although their views do differ substantially. For the Functionalist Emile Durkheim‚ religion‚ like many other social institutions‚ acts in the same way as one of the
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Evaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance (40 marks) Synopticity - Crime & Deviance sociological theory Marxist explanations of crime and deviance‚ like their work on other areas like the family and education‚ rest on an economic and structural analysis of society that sees a class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. This struggle comprises the attempts by the proletariat to free themselves from the domination of the bourgeoisie
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From a Marxist perspective‚ would you argue that globalisation mitigates or deepens global inequality? Explain why. Marxism is arguably the approach best equipped to conceptualise and explain globalisation. Firstly Marx would argue that imperialism would bring to the less industrial countries the advantages of capitalist technologies such as railways and more efficient methods of production. Yet Marx argued that these developments would not be positive but rather a part of the same process
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To what extent has history provided a balanced interpretation of your individual? The extent of a balanced interpretation of Trotsky within history varies throughout the differing aspects of his life and personality‚ however it can be considered that overall‚ it offers a balanced interpretation to a limited extent. His position as a Marxist offers a more unbalanced interpretation‚ as perspectives vary from stating that he was a practical Marxist idealist to perceiving him as a bloodthirsty terrorist
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‘free creation of history’ Lukacs was an important influence on what is called ’western Marxism ’. This was seen as a ’humanist ’ substitute to the central Stalinist orthodoxy of the inter-War period and later. One of Lukacs most significant arguments was that there can be no dialectics of nature. We will examine the debate and go into the contradictory relationship between Lukacs ’ interpretation of Marxism and Stalinism. The ‘Dialectical Laws of History and Nature ’ is a confusing and often discouraging
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In his primer Marxism and Literary Criticism (1976)‚ Terry Eagleton defines Marxism as "a scientific theory of human societies and of the practice of reforming them."1 Marxist criticism‚ he states‚ "analyses literature in terms of the historical conditions which produce it" (vi). The business of this criticism is "to understand ideologies—the ideas‚ values and feelings by which men experience their societies at various times‚" some of the ideologies of the past being accessible only in literature
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Vladimir Lenin: A Catalyst for Revolution In the late 19th and early 20th centuries‚ revolutionary Vladimir Lenin was the driving force behind Russian Marxism‚ reformation and organization of the working class‚ and the political catalyst behind the Revolution of 1905. During this time period‚ the new Russian working class had left the countryside for urban factories. Workers revolted against Tsarist oppression and participated in illegal strikes. Lenin organized workers under the Social Democratic
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Outline and assess Marxist theories of crime and deviance. (50 marks) Marxists argue that the nature and organisation of capitalism‚ creates the potential for criminal behaviour. Gordon states that capitalism is characterised by class inequalities in the distribution of‚ for example‚ wealth and income‚ poverty‚ unemployment and homelessness. Gordon argues that the ideology of capitalism encourages criminal behaviour in all social classes. The term ‘crime’ means behaviour that breaks the law. For
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The Communist Manifesto‚ published in 1848 after commission by the Communist League‚ was a revolutionary political manuscript that served to both outline the goals of Communism and articulate beliefs that would later define Marxism. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels‚ two German philosophers and political theorists‚ worked together to create a criticism of the class struggles and emerging capitalist economy produced by the Industrial Revolution. By addressing the increasing wealth gap between the bourgeoisie
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Essay (to follow) 3.) 4.) IDs Globalization 1970-2000s Development of integrated worldwide cultural and economic structures. Led to dramatic population expansion‚ requiring greater agricultural and industrial output. Family structure changes‚ life span increases‚ and more goods are available‚ yet inequalities deepen as decent education and good health determine social status as never before. Negritude Statement of the virtues of the black identity and the validation of African
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