Hofstede 1 Running Head: HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS: THE BASICS AND THE CRITICISMS ra oi M Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions: E. The Basics and the Criticisms Moira E. Hanna H Clemson University na an Hofstede 2 Abstract Hofstede’s model (1980) has been used widely in research in the past two decades. The culture-based model consists of four dimensions: power distance‚ uncertainty avoidance‚ individualism-collectivism‚ and masculinity-femininity. Each of these
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Discuss how Bram Stoker portrays femininity in Dracula? Bram Stoker uses both the female and the male characters to present femininity in Dracula. Stoker uses characters like Dracula to explore the sexuality of women and to express the idea that it is morally wrong and dangerous for a woman to be voluptuous and if she is‚ she will suffer the consequences. Additionally‚ the two most important female characters in Dracula‚ Mina Murray and Lucy Westenra‚ are used by Stoker to present different female
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November 2014 Modern day Masculinity vs. Femininity Masculinity and femininity are expressed through the actions of a human. Masculinity and femininity is measured by society’s viewpoints to what is appropriate. Modern day masculinity and femininity is defined by physical appearance‚ daily chores‚ and objects a person values. Masculinity and femininity take great car in their appearance. In the photo I see a man working out‚ very muscular. This shows that masculinity results in the muscular and
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A man’s masculinity is constantly judged and scrutinized in society nowadays. As the notion of masculinity can vary from era to era‚ there is no specific definition that fits into all cultures and attitudes. One way of understanding masculinity can be looking into women’s preferences to men’s faces. Women may find masculine faces more attractive‚ especially at the peak of their menstrual cycles (Penton-Voak‚ 1999). Association between masculine facial features and measures of immuno-competence also
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The question of femininity and what it entails has always played a part in literature. We as readers look for this aspect and its definition through all works of writing‚ but we focus more on what it means to be a woman and the idea of femininity through works like Shakespeare’s Othello and The Miller’s Tale from Chaucer’s “The Canterbury Tales”. In these works‚ the authors define femininity through varying descriptions of a women’s characteristics and her actions‚ as it is all perceived from the
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Men‚ Masculinity and Family Planning in Barbados since 1950 Personal reflection: initially I wanted to talk about something that had to do with women I was redirected to this topic about men‚ Masculinity and family planning in Barbados since the 1950s. This topic has proved to be very informative and a study of masculinity is definitely needed as one author said you can’t do a study on women without also looking at masculinity. Feminism has been studied for over four decades while masculinity on
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the national level namely: PDI: Power Distance Index IDV: Individualism versus collectivism MAS: Masculinity versus Femininity UAI: Uncertainty Avoidance Index In 1991‚ a fifth dimension has been added – LTO – Long Term versus Short Term Orientation‚ which was initially known as Confucian Dynamism. In 2007‚ Minkov added a sixth dimension – IND: Indulgence versus Restraint‚ which was adopted by Hofstede et al. (2010). These dimensions were underpinned by variables that correlated across nations‚ not
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Masculinity A cowboy‚ the strong and silent “man’s man” is the iconic figure of masculinity. The same cowboy also has a certain fragileness. The perception of a man usually does not reveal the fragile side. However‚ Gretel Ehrlich reveals this underlying soft side of cowboys in About Men (1985)‚ and Paul Theroux explains in Being a Man (1985) that the idea of manhood is pitiful because there is a fragile side to every man. Ehrlich talks about the rugged lifestyle of a cowboy. He paints this
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Declaration I certify that this assignment is all my own work and contains no Plagiarism. By submitting this assignment‚ I agree to the following terms: Any text‚ diagrams or other material copied from other sources (including‚ but not limited to‚ books‚ journals and the internet) have been clearly acknowledged and referenced as such in the text. These details are then confirmed by a fuller reference in the bibliography. I have read the sections on referencing and plagiarism in the handbook
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Our American view of masculinity has been constructed by the media and perpetuated through dominance. These ideas are instilled in us at such a young age‚ which is why we see adolescent boys act this way. We are socialized to feel pressure to conform to gender norms because we are taught to insult or degrade those who are different. The video “Tough Guise” was great to watch after reading this article because they are directly related. The video just shows how these stigmas aren’t just present in
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