Rian Hood : HNC CAP (C) Outcome 2: Therapeutic relationships: understand behaviour They are many theories in psychology that can be used to “understand” behaviour‚ two theories I am going to look at are; Psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach. I will discuss these 2 psychological theories of development and explain how it accounts for the psychological development‚ health and behaviour of the individual. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was considered the founding father of the psychodynamic
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Human nature is viewed as the basic goodness and respect for human kind‚ and humanistic theorists directly focus on methods that allow fulfilment of the human potential. Abraham Maslow proposed that an individual is motivated by a hierarchy of needs. Basic needs must be met before higher ones can be satisfied. According to Maslow‚ there are 7 needs that the human must achieve before an individual can self-actualize. These 7 needs are arranged in a hierarchy and an individual must fulfil each need going
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adult learning. A comprehensive analysis of principles and effective practices. SF: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Buber‚ M. (1958). I and thou (2nd rev. ed.). R.G. Smith‚ Trans. NY: Scribner. Cissna‚ K. & Anderson‚ R. (1994). The 1957 Martin Buber - Carl Rogers dialogue‚ as dialogue. Journal of Humanistic Psychology‚ Winter94‚ 34(1)‚ 11-46. Combs‚ A.W. (1982). Affective education or none at all. Educational Leadership‚ 39(7)‚ 494-497. Cross‚ K. P. (1979). “Adult learner Characteristics‚ needs‚ and interests
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reacting to environmental stimuli and reinforcers. Issues dealing with self-esteem‚ self-fulfillment‚ and needs are paramount. The major focus is to facilitate personal development. Two major theorists associated with this view are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Carl Rogers feels that each person operates from a unique frame of reference in terms of buliding Self Regard or their self concept. Self Concept is one’s own belief about themselves. These beliefs stem‚ in part‚ from the notion of Unconditional
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past experiences Individuals are not solely the product of their environment Individuals are internally directed and motivated to fulfill their human potential Humanism Key Theorists Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers Humanism Abraham Maslow Co-Founder of Humanistic Psychology with Carl Rogers Believed we are all biologically driven to achieve self-actualization Came up with Hierarchy of Needs theory that is most important humanistic theory. http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=gi9lGv1jJv8
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approach. Secondly this essay will look in closer detail at two areas of humanistic psychology that influenced the development of Carl Rogers person centred approach‚ the theory of the self and self actualization. Lastly it will look at the applications of this approach in a modern setting. HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
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LEARNING THEORY APPROACHES CHAPTER 3: The social cognitive learning approach Ð Dr. Val Rapmund 73 PART 4 PERSON-ORIENTED APPROACHES CHAPTER 4: The self-actualisation theory of Abraham Maslow Ð Prof. Cora Moore and Dr. Teria Shantall CHAPTER 5: 119 The self concept theory of Carl Rogers Ð Prof. Cora Moore and Miss Patricia Oosthuizen CHAPTER 6: 149 The existential theory of Viktor Frankl Ð Prof. Alta van Dyk and Dr. Teria Shantall 183 PART 5 ALTERNATIVE PERSPECTIVES CHAPTER
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The Major Psychological Perspectives Behaviorism is a highly deterministic view that declares there is no free will‚ defines psychology as the science of behavior. Pavlov‚ Watson‚ Thorndike and Skinner are the four major psychologists that help develop and enhance this view. They studied behavioral responses and the ways those responses are influenced by stimuli in the environment. . The psychoanalytic view largely focuses on the unconscious influencing human behavior. Developed by Sigmund Freud
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http://www.simplypsychology.org/freud-dreams.html Merry‚ T.‚ & Brodley‚ B Pescitelli‚ D. (1996). An analysis of Carl Rogers’ theory of personality. Retrieved from http://pandc.ca/?cat=carl_rogers&page=rogerian_theory Porter‚ E Project Management Course‚ (2009). Humanistic psychology. Retrieved from http://www.abraham-maslow.com/m_motivation/Humanistic_Psychology.asp Rice‚ B Rogers‚ C. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice‚ implication and theory. London: Constable. Shaffer‚ D. R
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J. (2008). A history of modern psychology. Hoboken‚ N.J.: Wiley. Maslow‚ A. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Retrieved 18 December 2012 from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm National Institute of Clinical Excellence. (2011). Common mental health disorders: identification and pathways to care. Retrieved 19 December 2012 from http://publications.nice.org.uk/common-mental-health-disorders-cg123/guidance Rogers‚ C. (1946) Significant aspects of client-centered therapy. Retrieved
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