Problems of an Industrial Civilization (1933) Elton Mayo How to Win Friends and Influence People (1937) Dale Carnegie The Functions of the Executive (1938) Chester Barnard The Forties Dynamic Administration (1941) Mary Parker Follett Theory of Social and Economic Organization (1947) Max Weber Administrative Behavior (1947) Herbert Simon The Fifties The Changing Culture of a Factory (1951) Elliot Jacques Motivation and Personality (1954) Abraham Maslow The Practice of Management (1954) Peter F
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfil the next one‚ and so on. The original hierarchy of needs five-stage model includes: 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air‚ food‚ drink‚ shelter‚ warmth‚ sex‚ sleep. 2. Safety needs -
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of the worker and how efficiently work could be carried out. It did not take into account the morale of employees or any of their emotional needs‚ resulting in a workforce which became increasingly dissatisfied with their working environment. Mayo and Maslow developed an approach which was more emphasized on the management of worker morale and leadership rather than merely viewing employees as "greedy robots" (Rose 1988). This theory‚ which would evolve into what is known as the Human Relations approach
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References: Abraham Maslow. Available online: http://www.mrdowling.com/602-maslow.html George Elton Mayo’s Hawthone Experiments. Available online: http://accel team.com/motivation http://notes.tyrocity.com/fayols-administrative-management theory/#ixzz2hD7kHTdM Saleemi N.A. 2011. Principles and Practice of
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approach emphasized human relations‚ the importance of the person behind the machine‚ individual as well as group relationships‚ and social aspects. This approach was pioneered by Mayo and his associates (1933). It was further extended to the behavioral sciences approach‚ pioneered by Abraham Maslow (1968‚ 1971)‚ Chris Argyris (1957)‚ Douglas McGregor (1960)‚ and Rensis Likert (1961). The quantitative approach (which developed during World War II and believes in economic effectiveness to solve business
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Managing People Motivation Human resources are the Heart and soul of the organization. It is important that you should manage them effectively to optimize the full utilization of their talents. It is not enough to attract and retain talented people‚ you should motivate them to use their talents. Keeping an employee working at full potential is the ultimate goal of employee motivation. The employment contract provides a symbolic relationship between employers and employees. Employers expect employees
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argued that the two most important factors of motivation are arousal and direction of choice or behaviour. In summary Mitchell defined motivation as "the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviours". Maslow (1943) believed that it is inbuilt in human nature to always want. What we want also depends on what we already have. Marlow suggested that human needs have a hierarchy. His hierarchy of needs is shown as a series of steps in the form of a pyramid
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With detailed analysis of the Return of the Soldier and the Complete Poems of Keith Douglas‚ and with wider reference to The Behaviour Of a Fish In An Egyptian Tea Garden‚ compare and contrast the presentation of women in all three texts. Gender has a specific role between the texts. As a main theme it raises interesting yet different thoughts. For example‚ in Return of the Soldier‚ in Victorian literature superficial beauty is disapproved of‚ in this case Kitty; who represents the order of pre-war
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is best known for developing ideas of constructive conflict (also called cognitive conflict). She believed conflict could be beneficial. She believed the best way to deal with conflict was not domination or compromise‚ but rather integration. Elton Mayo‚ best known for the Hawthorne Studies‚ investigated the effects of lighting levels and incentives on employee productivity. Chester Barnard‚ an experienced top executive‚ became very influential (and best known) for his ideas about cooperation
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INTRODUCTION - THE EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORY During the industrial revolution that took place in Western Europe and North America in the 18th century; various machines were built and the economy which was based on manual labor was replaced by machines. Then factories of large scale in the garment sector‚ automobile sector etc emerged rapidly and the need to increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness has guided the evolution of management theory till today. Managers‚ theorists‚ researcher
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