VOLUME 15‚ NUMBER 1‚ 2011 Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Motivating by Altering Expectations Fred C. Lunenburg Sam Houston State University ________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Vroom’s expectancy theory differs from the content theories of Maslow‚ Alderfer‚ Herzberg‚ and McClelland in that Vroom’s expectancy theory does not provide specific suggestions on what motivates organization members. Instead‚ Vroom’s theory provides a process of cognitive variables
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communication. It is also important to remember that communication is a cyclic process involving a series of actions thus a model can be represented as circular. The Argyle Theory is based on one-to-one communication. It follows the communication cycle and it is a way of ensuring communication is effective. The Argyle theory when followed helps us to overcome communication barriers‚ for example: jargon‚ misunderstood signals and issues relating to the setting such as noise and lighting. Argyle’s
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Motivation Theory Needs – drives – behaviour – goals – reduction or release of tension Behaviour is both directed to‚ and results from‚ unsatisfied needs. The word unsatisfied is most important. As Maslow says‚ “If we are interested in what actually motivates us and not what has or will‚ or might motivate us‚ then a satisfied need is not a motivator.” Kelly’s model of motivation presents a sort of chicken-egg dilemma. Which comes first‚ the goal or the need? When we talk about behaviour being
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Theories of Development There are many theories that now influence current practice in different ways. Here I am going to explain the following theories of development: * Cognitive * Psychoanalytical * Humanist * Social Learning * Operant Conditioning * Behaviourist * Social pedagogy Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) Piaget focuses on cognitive development; he was all about the child centred approach‚ he believed children are active learners and make sense of the world
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MASLOW’S THEORY The Maslow theory suggests that human behaviour is related to his needs. This theory often displayed as a pyramid where the lowest levels of the pyramid represent the most basic needs while the top of the pyramid represent the complex needs. According to this theory‚ people need to meet the lower level needs before they can move on to the next level of needs. There are five needs that being identified by Abraham Maslow which includes the physiological needs‚ safety needs‚ social
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Tiger Airways is a company that based in Singapore‚ which founded in 2003 and started operations after the half passed of 2004. It is the subsidiary company of Singapore Airlines and it was the first Budget airline that went into Changi Airport (Changiairport.com‚ 2014). Within two years of operation‚ Tiger Airways has successfully flew 1.2 millions of passengers and achieve a major growth of 75% in 2006. Followed by‚ the business then expanded into Australia in 2007 and gradually to Mandala‚ Philippines
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Practices Report for Tiger Airways Table of contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Defining Social Media 4 3.0 Analysis on different social media platforms 4 3.1 Facebook 5 3.2 Twitter 5 3.3 YouTube 6 4.0 Best practices recommendations 7 4.1 ‘Facebook’ as best social media 7 4.2 Rationale and problem avoidance of ‘Facebook’ 8 5.0 Conclusion 9 References 10 1. Introduction As a relatively new entrant in Australia’s airline industry‚ Tiger Airways is a Singapore based low-cost
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Theories of Creativity and Quality Theories of Creativity and Quality Theories of creativity are vast. Several psychological theories on the process of creativity are chronicled. Some theorists explain creativity as intrinsic creative motivations‚ which individuals create a project for the sake of creating (Wibell‚ 2011). Other theorists convey the brain controls levels of creativity‚ and mental illness has an impact on creative process. Further‚ many believe the humanistic theory of creativity
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to environmental stimuli and reinforcers. Issues dealing with self-esteem‚ self-fulfillment‚ and needs are paramount. The major focus is to facilitate personal development. Two major theorists associated with this view are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Carl Rogers feels that each person operates from a unique frame of reference in terms of buliding Self Regard or their self concept. Self Concept is one’s own belief about themselves. These beliefs stem‚ in part‚ from the notion of Unconditional
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Equity Theory of Motivation The equity theory of motivation is used to describe the relationship between the employees perception of how fairly is he being treated and how hard he is motivated to work Motivation is the activation of an energized goal-oriented behavior. Everyone takes up a job as they are motivated by some factor or the other. Some are motivated by the challenge they will face in carrying out their job‚ some are motivated by the level of fame they may earn‚ others and
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