It is well recognized that maternal healthcare is essential for further improvement of maternal and child health. Maternal and child health services is said to play a vital role in achieving improved health outcomes. The decision to use health care is undoubtedly influence by the characteristics of the health delivery system such as the availability and accessibility of the services. However‚ this does not necessarily mean that where there is a good supply of services‚ demand is created in and of
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TYPES OF BONDS There are a plenty amount of different types of bonds‚ existing nowadays. Actually‚ the bond market offers investors a lot more choices than the stock market. Which bonds to choose depends on the goals‚ tax situation and the risk tolerance of a person who is going to invest in bonds. The broad bond market includes in itself government‚ municipal‚ corporate‚ mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities and international bonds. Within each broad bond market sector it is possible to
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CHAPTER 7 Bonds Valuation CHAPTER ORIENTATION This chapter introduces the concepts that underlie asset valuation. We are specifically concerned with bonds. We also look at the concept of the bondholder’s expected rate of return on an investment. CHAPTER OUTLINE I. Types of bonds A. Debentures: unsecured long-term debt. B. Subordinated debentures: bonds that have a lower claim on assets in the event of liquidation than do other senior debtholders. C. Mortgage bonds: bonds secured
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Introduction to Bond Market A financial market place where debt instruments‚ primarily bonds‚ are bought and sold is called a bond market. The dealings in a bond market are limited to a small group of participants. Contrary to stock or commodities trading‚ the bond market (also known as the debt market) lacks a central exchange. The bond market (also known as the credit‚ or fixed income market) is a financial market where participants can issue new debt‚ known as the primary market‚ or buy and
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HW Bond Valuation and Bond Yields Clifford Clark is a recent retiree who is interested in investing some of his savings in corporate bonds. His financial planner has suggested the following bonds: • Bond A has a 7% annual coupon‚ matures in 12 years‚ and has a $1000 face value. • Bond B has a 9% annual coupon‚ matures in 12 years‚ and has a $1000 face value. • Bond C has an 11% annual coupon‚ matures in 12 years‚ and has a $1000 face value. Each bond has a yield to maturity (YTM) of 9%
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Journal of Banking & Finance 36 (2012) 2216–2232 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Banking & Finance journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jbf Are corporate bond market returns predictable? Yongmiao Hong a‚b‚ Hai Lin c‚d‚ Chunchi Wu e‚⇑ a Department of Economics‚ Cornell University‚ Ithaca‚ NY 14853‚ USA Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics and MOE Key Laboratory in Econometrics‚ Xiamen University‚ Xiamen 361005‚ China c Department of Accountancy
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HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 1. Callaghan Motors’ bonds have 10 years remaining to maturity. Interest is paid annually‚ they have a $1‚000 par value‚ the coupon interest rate is 8%‚ and the yield to maturity is 9%. What is the bond’s current market price? PV factor of sum = (1+i)^-n = (1+9%)^-10 =1.09^-10 = 0.4224 PV factor of annuity = 1 - (1+i)^-n / i = 1 - (1+9%)^-10 / 9% = 1 - 0.4224 / 9% = 0.5775 / 9% = 6.417 = PV factor of Sum * Par Value + PV factor of annuity * coupon payment = 0.4224 * 1‚000
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US Savings Bond A US savings bond is a security issued by the US treasury and began being issued during president Roosevelt’s presidency in 1935. A month after the president sign the legislation‚ the first savings bond was issued with a purchase price of 18.75‚ but a face value of $25. These first bonds were eventually nicknamed “the baby bonds”. When bonds first became big was during the US’s involvement with WWII in 1941. These bond were called the Series E Defense bonds and they went towards
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of Bonds Fixed rate bonds have a coupon that remains constant throughout the life of the bond. A variation are stepped-coupon bonds‚ whose coupon increases during the life of the bond. Zero-coupon bonds (zeros) pay no regular interest. They are issued at a substantial discount to par value‚ so that the interest is effectively rolled up to maturity (and usually taxed as such). The bondholder receives the full principal amount on the redemption date. High-yield bonds (junk bonds) are bonds that
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Corporate Bonds‚ Common stock‚ and Preferred Stock Higher return means higher risk. People use excess money to invest in a corporation. It is a good way gain more money than put money into the saving account to get a little interest. Before you invest you should analyze the characteristics of corporate bonds‚ common stock‚ and preferred stock; and also be aware of their advantages and disadvantages. The corporate bonds are issued by corporations. They are used to increase capital for issuing
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