Ocean Mansour Sakr Mansour Sakr 1 Mr. Ammon AP World History‚ Period 3 13 Friday 2012 Oriental Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy is the official religion of the Eastern Christian Churches that identify with only three ecumenical councils. These three councils are as follows: the First Council of Nicaea‚ the First Council of Constantinople‚ and the First Council of Ephesus. Although “Oriental”
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clergy. Evidence: "It was a fleeting illusion: the bishop began to make the sign of the cross in the air opposite the crowd on the pier‚ and he kept on doing it mechanically afterwards‚ without malice or inspiration‚ until the boat was lost from view and all that remained was the uproar of the roosters"(pg. 19). Warrant: This quote is an example of the wavering devotion that the clergy and the people show to religion. On this day of blessing‚ the Bishop does not see it necessary to do more than give
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problems stimulated reformation of the church between the years of 900 and 1200. One problem was that both the Church and the kings each thought they should appoint the church’s bishops. Another quandary was that certain people like village priests married and had families which where against the church’s rulings. Lastly‚ Bishops decided to sell their positions in the church which was a practice called simony. These three main issues inspired the reforms that were implemented by the Church because they
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Drafted as bishop in 374 Athanasius: 1. Elder and eventually bishop of Alexandria. 2. Was exiled several times Augustine: 1. Became a believer under Ambrose. 2. Became boshop of hippo 3. Strongly against Donatists and Pelagians. Chtysostom: 1. An elder and eventually a bishop (against his will) in Antioch. Cyril: 1. Bishop of Alexandria. 2. Viewed Jesus as one person. Donatus: North African bishop. Ignatius: 1. Bishop of Antioch 2. Argued the fundamental importance of bishops. 3. First person
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The Council addressed the mistakes of the Church‚ and attempted to fix them. The Council of Trent required the Bishops to stay in their own dioceses‚ suppressing pluralism and simony‚ as well as forbidding the sale of indulgences. Clerics who kept concubines now had to give them up. The jurisdiction of bishops over all the clergy of their dioceses was made almost absolute‚ and bishops were ordered to visit every church in their diocese at least once every two years. The Council required every diocese
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CHIVALRY Meaning: is the traditional code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood. Chivalry arose from an idealized German custom.[1] It was originally conceived of as an aristocratic warrior code — the term derives from the French term for horseman — involving honor‚ gallantry‚ and individual training and service to others. Over time its meaning has been refined to emphasize more ideals such as knightly virtues‚ honor‚ courtly love‚ courtesy‚ and less martial aspects
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reforms begun by Pope Gregory VII. Before he was Pope‚ he was a monk. Urban II eventually traveled to Rome where he would become the cardinal and bishop of Ostia. Urban II was elected pope in Terracina‚ south of Rome‚ on March 12‚ 1088. As pope‚ Urban II had active support for his policies and reforms. These groups included the nobility‚ the monks‚ and the bishops. Urban felt he had to
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The Catholic Church confronts the twenty-first century just as it began the twentieth century - as a Church divided. At that time‚ the fractious debates surrounding the historicity and meaning of the Christian scriptures and the Vatican’s controversial response to the "threat" of modernism left the Church ill prepared to respond to the seismic cultural‚ economic and political changes that would accompany the post-war reconstruction efforts. The Council also embraced freedom of religion. Established
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Idolatry among religious matters but he died in AD 741 but the iconoclasm hasn’t been stopped there because it was continued by his successors especially his son Constantine V‚ In 754 Constantine summoned the Council of Hieria in which some 330 to 340 bishops participated and which was the first church council to concern itself primarily with religious imagery. Constantine seems to have been closely involved with the council and it endorsed an iconoclast position. The council of Hieria treat itself as
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From my analysis of the first chapter of “The Flowering of the Mediaeval Ages” entitled “The Structure of Mediaeval Society” I concluded that medieval society had various structures. I believe that mediaeval society could be characterized by social statuses and by power structures. These social statuses include the destitute‚ wealthy‚ monarchy and hierarchy and power structures which includes the authoritative role of the church. The first passage of chapter one entitled “The Pope and the beggar”
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