methodology and purpose. 2. Using the first twenty distinctions of his Decretum describe Gratian’s first attempt to formulate a doctrine of law and legislative authority in canon law and in the Ius commune. What was the role of Ius naturale‚ justice‚ equity‚ and reason in Gratian’s thinking about law. How did these concepts shape future developments? Outline the progress of legislative doctrine from "all law is custom" to "all law resides in legislative institutions." Describe how Gratian’s conception
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The source of English Law is broad‚ with the real starting point at the Norman Conquest in 1066. During that time‚ England was mostly ruled by customs prior to the Conquest. It wasn’t until William the Conqueror took throne that modern English law started to develop‚ under the common law. Fast forward to 21st century‚ and now the law has been a lot more developed‚ with its sources divided into two‚ the primary source and the secondary source. The primary source being case law‚ legislation‚ and European
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examines the generally accepted desirable characteristic of a system of taxation. I describe in this paper that even where every one agrees that the tax system should be simple as dictated by the first maxim of Adam Smith‚ no country is yet to meet this standard. Questions on policy‚ complexity‚ equity‚ administrative efficiency‚ cost of compliance all increasing the cry for a tax change. Many Eastern Europeans have adopted the flax tax system and presently has an increase economic growth. However‚
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also been identified that the government faces a tradeoff between economic efficiency and economic equity. The government has to choose between increasing economic productivity‚ i.e. increasing the size of a hypothetical "national pie"‚ hence‚ choosing efficiency or ensuring that everyone receives the same share of the "national pie"‚ hence choosing economic equity. The choice between efficiency and equity that the government makes will inadvertently determine the type of economic system that a country
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Assess the effectiveness of the criminal trial process as a means of achieving justice Police powers - under the Crimes Act and Law Enforcement (Police Powers and Responsibilities) Act emphasise the difficulties surrounding police discretionary powers - yet this is balanced somewhat by warrants acting as judicial safeguards against police abusing their powers - eg. warrants for a more ’legally enacted’ investigation process‚ phone taps or surveillance - but also warrants to reinforce police search
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expression to some act‚ writing expressive of some act‚ contract‚ process‚ as a deed‚ or contract. It is the role of equity to uphold the intention of the parties in an agreement based on the equitable maxims “Equity looks to the intention‚ not the form” -If the instrument recording the agreement does not reflect the true intention of the parties die to the common mistake or fraud‚ the equity will intervene and order rectification of the instrument/written contract. The step in the formation of contract:
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State University‚ United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Job titles are defined as socially reinforced symbols that are based on cooperation. Further‚ job title inflation (JTI) is defined as a deliberate violation of cooperative principle maxims that is intended to extract gains for an organization. The cooperative principle‚ which is borrowed from the theory of conversational implicature‚ is expanded to explain how job titles maintain social value‚ thus acting as important symbols. It is
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and in turn suffered damages or a loss because of reliance on these promises? What were the intentions of the deceased (He had previously told his accountant that the Royal hotel would be going to Wayling he just hadn’t altered his will). Equity maxim – Equity looks to the intent rather than the form Difficulties encountered by the plaintiff The judge at first instance held that the claim in proprietary estoppel failed because the plaintiff was unable to prove in cross-examination that the
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September 16 Ashley 523-50-6423 November 3 Jenny sells cosmetics for Maxim Company. Albert is Vice Principal at the local high school and he works independently as a repair/handyman. Their income from their full time jobs is as follows: Salary Federal Tax Withheld State Tax Withheld Jenny $85‚000 $10‚500 $5‚400 Albert $45‚000 $6‚100 $3‚150 NOTE: the above income is before considering the following items: 1. Maxim has a cafeteria benefits plan that lets employees select benefits equal
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-216- Xilinx‚ Inc.—Stock-based Compensation Xilinx‚ Inc. designs‚ develops‚ and markets complete programmable logic solutions‚ including advanced integrated circuits‚ software design tools‚ predefined system functions delivered as intellectual property cores‚ customer training‚ field engineering and technical support. Customers are electronic equipment manufacturers primarily in the telecommunications‚ networking‚ computing‚ industrial‚ and consumer markets. Products are sold globally through
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