Contingency theorists argue that an organization that adapts to its environment will perform better than an organization that does not (Donaldson‚ 1996) and that mismatched characteristics within organizational configurations will prevent an organization from achieving natural harmony with its environment that will lead to better performance (Mitzberg‚ 1981). In contrast to the classical scholars‚ most theorists today believe that there is no one best way to organize. What is important is that there
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Cigarette Taxes The interest in cigarette taxes and their effects have been a hot topic in relation to the economy for the past 20 years. People question whether or not increased taxes really affect the demand. Do the taxes cause effects other than a change in demand? Who does this ultimately effect‚ the rich or poor? Where does the money go? So why does the government decide to impose higher cigarette taxes? They do this for two main reasons. One reason is
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PERCENTAGE TAXES SUMMARY (in ascending order) Rate | Description | 1/2 of 1% (0.005) | * PT /Final tax on shares sold in Local Stock Exchange | 0% | * Dividends/equity shares in Net Income of Subsidiaries | 1% | * IPO on share of stock over 33 1/3% * GR Tax on Banks‚ on interests‚ commissions and discounts with Maturity Period of More than 5 Years | 2% | * IPO on share of stock (25-33 1/3%) * Gas and water franchises | 3% | * PT on Domestic Carriers and Keepers
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CONTINGENCY THEORY Contingency Theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation‚ to lead a company‚ or to make decisions. Instead‚ the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. The leading practitioners of which were Tom Burns‚ Joan Woodward‚ Paul Lawrence‚ Jay Lorsch‚ and Fred Fiedler‚ an otherwise theoretically eclectic group who were nevertheless united in their belief that no single organizational
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Sin Taxes There was a time when it was perfectly acceptable for parents to chain smoke in the car with their kids. In present time it is unlawful to smoke with a minor in the car. Since that time we as citizens have come a long way to making our country healthier but there is more room for improvement. Sin taxes are perceived by many people as a dreadful thing but in reality it gives the government options to help the American people as a whole. By raising Sin taxes it will offset the cost of
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Contingency plan The contingency plan is to arrange in advance for an emergency event that may or may not happen. Single points of failure are really the central focus of contingency planning. Any time there is a failure of one of these elements‚ it can seriously risk our revenue stream and service to your customers. We have prepared contingency plans for customer online private security problem‚ server crashes‚ and factory emergency. * Customer private information security:
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MaAssignment 1 Title: Marriage and Taxes Introduction: Bill and Mary plan to marry in December of 2012. Bill’s salary is $32‚000 and he owns a residence. His itemized deductions total $12‚000. Mary’s salary is $39‚000. Her itemized deductions total only $1‚600 as she does not own a residence. Assume that 2013 tax rates‚ exemptions‚ and standard deductions are the same as 2012. Task(s): Answer the following questions: a. What will their tax be if they marry before year-end and file a joint
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Big Brother Is Proposing Taxing Yet Again My first impression of the term "Fat Taxes" was and instant "Yes‚ let’s do it"‚ I jumped to conclusions before reading through the material. However once I read the different arguments and rebuttals‚ I quickly went from for to against this “Fat Tax” for many reasons. The fat tax is designed to tax unhealthy food and sugary drink to encourage healthier eating habits in hopes of decreasing obesity. Yes‚ obesity creates a great deal of the health problems in
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Contingency Planning Kimberlea Penney AIU Online February 10‚ 2013 Prof. R. Rodriguez ABSTRACT Contingency planning is an effective back up plan to any situation that requires an alternative course of action for the outcome of a common goal. There are several steps involved in contingency planning and these steps prepare for the strategic planning process to come to full effectiveness for a facility. A full plan for a facility allows for immediate resolutions for managing and addressing the
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Fiedler’s Contingency Model: Fred E. Fiedler was one of the first leadership researchers to acknowledge that effective leadership is dependent on the characteristics of the leader and the situation. The contingency model helps to explain why a manager may be an effective leader in one situation and ineffective in another. The contingency model also shows which managers are likely to be most effective in what situations. It is said by Fiedler‚ that personal characteristics can influence leader effectiveness
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