no universally accepted classification of the disease. On the basis of clinical features and patterns‚ dental caries may be classified in many ways: 1. Morphology (Location of the Lesion). 2. Prior condition of the tooth. 3. Dynamics (Rate of destruction of the lesion). 4. Extent of the lesion. 5. Chronology (age). Classification Based on Morphology (Location of the Lesion): I. Crown caries A. Occlusal caries. B. Smooth surface caries II. Root Caries Crown Caries A. Occlusal caries: Occurs in pits
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CELL INJURY: CAUSES OF CELL INJURY‚ MECHANISMS OF REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY. CELL INJURY. Causes of cell injury range from gross mechanical external causes to mild endogenous causes as genetic lack of enzymes etc. Virtually all forms of tissue injuries start with molecular or structural alterations in cells. Under normal conditions‚ the cells are in: ❖ homeostastatic „steady“ state Normal cell is confined to relatively narrow range of functions and structure by
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numerous compared to the human population‚ it could seem quite difficult or maybe even impossible for scientists to analyze each and every single one of these microbes. So that is why we would be using a simple approach to looking at diversity in bacterial communities. In this experiment we went out to collect samples from the American River in order to analyze the various diversity in Bacteria species in the community. We focus our experiment by looking at a portion of the gene called the 16S rRNA
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Observing Bacteria and Blood Cynthia Alonzo‚ M.S. Version 42-0249-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions‚ diagrams if needed‚ and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing
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other cells. Conjugation: The process whereby two ciliates come together in a temporary fusion to exchange micro nuclear material‚ then separate‚ each being a fertilized cell. Explain how the F plasmid controls conjugation in bacteria. In bacterial conjugation the host bacterium attaches to another bacterium via pili. The plasmid region contains its own origin of replication in other words it can replicate independently from the DNA that is in the cytoplasm. This DNA tends to code for virulence
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Shigella Introduction: Shigella is a very infectious bacteria that causes Shigellosis. I. Morphology of Shigella • Gram-negative • Nonmotile bacillus II. 4 different species of Shigella • S. dysenteriae o Most severe type of shigellosis because it secretes Shiga Toxin Shiga toxin- stops protein synthesis in host’s cell. • S. flexneri o Is the predominate species in developing countries. • S. boydii • S. sonnei o Is the most common species isolated in industrialized nations.
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MBK – Lab Report Name: ____________________ Section: ___________________ Antibiotic Sensitivity The Kirby-Bauer Test Interpret your results as described below. INTERPRETATION: · Place the metric ruler across the zone of inhibition‚ at the widest diameter‚ and measure from one edge of the zone to the other edge. HOLDING THE DISH UP TO THE LIGHT MIGHT HELP. · The disc diameter will actually be part of that number. · If there is NO zone at all
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Whooping Cough A. Name the bacteria that cause this childhood disease. What is its morphology? bacillus bordetella pertussis. B. pertussis is an extremely small‚ strictly aerobic‚ Gram negative‚ cocobacillus short rod. What does “Wooping Cough” mean? Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease that causes uncontrollable‚ violent coughing. The coughing can make it hard to breathe. A deep "whooping" sound is often heard when the patient tries to take a breath. Describe in detail the
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different morphologies (including the normal sinus P wave). P waves which are separated by isoelectric intervals. P-P intervals‚ P-R duration‚ and R-R intervals which vary. The best initial treatment for multifocal atrial tachycardia is treatment of the underlying cause and correction of electrolyte abnormalities (e.g.‚ hypokalemia‚ hypomagnesemia). Acute COPD exacerbation is treated by the following measures: Oxygen therapy Antibiotics (e.g.‚ quinolones) if there are manifestations of bacterial infection
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGAR Mac Conkey‘s Agar plate MacConkey (also McConkey) agar is a culture medium designed to grow Gram-negative bacteria and stain them for lactose fermentation. It contains bile salts (to inhibit most Grampositive bacteria‚ except Enterococcus and some species of Staphylococcus)‚ crystal violet dye (which also inhibits certain Gram-positive bacteria)‚ neutral red dye (which stains microbes fermenting lactose)‚ lactose and peptone. QUALITY CONTROL Results after 24 hrs at
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