BASICS OF ITEM RESPONSE THEORY THE FRANK B. BAKER BASICS OF ITEM RESPONSE THEORY THE FRANK B. BAKER University of Wisconsin Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation The Basics of Item Response Theory by Frank B. Baker Second edition Published by the ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation Copyright © 2001 ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation All rights reserved. Editors: Carol Boston‚ Lawrence Rudner Design: Laura Chapman Cover: Laura Chapman
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Introduction Theories are a set of interrelated concepts that give a systematic view of a phenomenon (an observable fact or event) that is explanatory & predictive in nature. Theories are composed of concepts‚ definitions‚ models‚ propositions & are based on assumptions. They are derived through two principal methods; deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Objectives to assess the patient condition by the various methods explained by the nursing theory to identify the needs of the patient
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Management Theories Behavioural and Human Relations What is it? These are theories which state that business objectives are determined jointly by groups of interested parties. Some theories can include; employees may work harder if they believe management is concerned about their welfare‚ but the work group influences worker behaviour and individual output. (leading). The behavioural theories come after the Classical/Scientific theories. According to http://toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/ ‚ behavioural
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What is Dependence Theory? Dependency theory is a theory of how developing and developed nations interact. It can be seen as an opposition theory to the popular free market theory of interaction. Dependency theory was first formulated in the 1950s‚ drawing on a Marxian analysis of the global economy‚ and as a direct challenge to the free market economic policies of the post-War era. The free market ideology holds‚ at its most basic‚ that open markets and free trade benefit developing nations‚ helping
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a situation as real‚ it is real only in its consequences. INTRODUCTION Labelling theory‚ stemming from the influences of Cooley‚ Mead‚ Tannenbaum‚ and Lemert‚ has its origins somewhere within the context of the twentieth century. However‚ Edwin Lemert is widely considered the producer and founder of the original version of labelling theory. This paper‚ not a summary‚ provides a brief history of labelling theory‚ as well as‚ its role in the sociology of deviance. It attempts to explore the contributions
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Theories and Hypotheses: The Differences and Similarities Abstract This paper is an examination of theories and hypotheses‚ their differences and similarities. The four major types of theories studied are Deductive‚ Inductive‚ Grounded and Axiomatic. Each type of theories is introduced and explained. Additionally‚ a hypothesis is defined in relation to a theory‚ and the key differences between the two explained. The variables which exist between the theories
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Liberterian theory is a political philosophy that advocates free will‚ indivual rights‚ and voluntary cooperation. (Boaz‚ David 1997) The core doctrine of liberterianism begins with the recognition that people have certain natural rights to personal autonomy and property rights‚ and the right to ultilization of previoously unsued resourses. These two basic assumptions form the foundation of Liberterian ideas. Liberterianism can be tracked back to ancient China‚ where phillosopher Lao-tzu advocated
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GROUPTHINK THEORY COMM410 As people‚ when confronted with a problem where a solution must be found‚ our ideal situation is to come up with the best possible one. To do this‚ we ideally gather the most knowledgeable‚ intelligent individuals into a group and attempt to derive the best solution to the problem. With the collection of these people‚ one would think that finding the best possible answer to the problem would be a rather simple task. However‚ what has happened in many situations is
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Introduction Accounting is a very old science as it is strictly related to the first forms of trade in the old world. According to Belkaoui (1992: 22)‚ the Committee on Terminology of American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) defines accounting as follows: "Accounting is the art of recording‚ classifying and summarising in a significant manner and in terms of money‚ transactions and events which are in part at least‚ of a financial character‚ and interpreting the results thereof
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children were raised‚ impacted on their personalities and so on. There are six theories of personality‚ all differing from one to the other‚ yet attempting to understand and describe the structure of personality and to study the individual differences within personality. In other words personality psychologists seek to understand how are people similar but also‚ how they differ. Psychodynamic theories and Humanistic theories will be reviewed‚ compared and contrasted in order to gain a better understanding
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