due to the benefits and progress it allows in medicine and cosmetic areas. Experimenting on animals has contributed to the creation of many treatments and cures used these days. According to California Biomedical Research Association‚ almost every medical breakthrough in the last century has involved experimenting with animals in some way. Various medicines‚ such as insulin‚ were a product of research through animal testing. Diseases like brain injuries‚ malaria‚ childhood leukemia‚ breast cancer‚
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for coding purposes must be assigned based on medical record documentation. A physician may be queried when documentation is ambiguous‚ incomplete‚ or conflicting. The queried documentation must be a permanent part of the medical record. The objective of the cases and scenarios reproduced in this publication is to provide practice in assigning correct codes‚ not necessarily to emulate complete coding‚ which can be achieved only with the complete medical record. For example‚ the reader may be asked
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Introduction Drosophila melanogaster is a common fruit fly that has been useful for most experiments in the study of Genetics. The male and the female fruit fly are similar and different in regards to how they look‚ structurally. They are similar because both genders have a head‚ thorax‚ proboscis‚ antennae‚ eyes‚ and mouth parts. However‚ males are smaller than females and have about five abdominal segments as opposed to the seven that the female has. The life cycle of these fruit flies consist
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the dominant and recessive phenotypes and their frequencies in the population? i. The dominant phenotypes do not always occur more commonly than recessive phenotypes do; that is‚ the dominancy of a phenotype in the population is independent of the dominance of the corresponding allele. In other words‚ the phenotype that has the higher allele frequency will be more abundant in the population. e. Newlyweds Bill and Sue are non-freckled. Since each had one parent who had freckles‚ they wonder what the
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observable characters that vary in pea plants are controlled by single genes. 2. A plant with purple flowers is allowed to self-pollinate. Generation after generation‚ it produces purple flowers. This is an example of a. hybridization. b. incomplete dominance. c. true-breeding. d. the law of segregation. e. polygenetics. 3. Which of the following statements about Mendel’s breeding experiments is correct? a. None of the parental (P) plants were true-breeding. b. All of the F2 progeny showed a phenotype
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PCB 3063 Spring 2012 Problem Set 1 ANSWERS 1. Determine the types of gametes produced by each of the following individuals: a. Aa 1/2 A‚ 1/2 a b. AaBb 1/4 AB‚ 1/4 Ab‚ 1/4 aB‚ 1/4 ab c. AABb 1/2 AB‚ 1/ Ab d. AaBBCc 1/4 ABC‚ 1/4 aBC‚ 1/4 ABc‚ 1/4 aBc 2. Use the Punnett square to determine the genotypes in the progeny of each of the following crosses: a. Dd x Dd b. AaBB x AaBB c. CcEE x CCEe Notice: in every case‚ each parent produces
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INTRODUCTION TO DROSOPHILA GENETICS DROSOPHILA CULTURE We will study basic principles of Mendelian inheritance with the use of the fruit fly‚ Drosophila melanogaster [the name means “black-bodied fruit-lover”]. Drosophila was one of the first organisms to be studied genetically: its small size‚ short life cycle (10 ~14 days at 25oC)‚ high reproductive rate (an adult female can lay 400-500 eggs in 10 days)‚ and ease of culture and genetic manipulation have made it perhaps the best understood animal
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incomplete dominance. E) hemizygosity. 5) Assume that a cross is made between AaBb and aabb plants and that the offspring occur in the following numbers: 106 AaBb‚ 48 Aabb‚ 52 aaBb‚ 94 aabb. These results are consistent with the following circumstance: A) sex-linked inheritance with 30% crossing over. B) linkage with 50% crossing over. C) linkage with approximately 33 map units between the two gene loci. D) independent assortment. E) 100% recombination. 6) With incomplete dominance‚ a likely
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Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance What pattern will inheritance follow? Why is it important? Always follow patterns? Rule of Probability In tossing a coin the odds of either a head or tail is always 50%. The outcome is unaffected by the previous attempt. If 2 coins are tossed‚ each will be dependent of the other HH‚ HT‚ TH‚ TT (Probability is 25% or ¼) The rules also hold true for genetics due to the law of independent assortment. Each alternative type of outcome in a gene acts independently
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In my lab experimentation‚ all of the parent generation‚ or flies I started with‚ were wild-type or mutant phenotypically‚ but their genotypes were unknown. However‚ after I mated these flies and they produced offspring‚ the parental genotypes could be hypothesized based on phenotypic observations and ratios of the F1 and F2 generations. I then could check my observations by testing it using the Chi squared (X2) test. A. Miniature Wings – (Sex-Linked Recessive) To determine the inheritance of
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